1. The Male and Female Reproductive System
Chapter 20 : Section 2

2. Sexual Reproduction
Fertilization: the joining of egg and sperm

3. Sexual Reproduction
Egg - the female sex cell – one of the largest cells in the human body

4. Sexual Reproduction
Sperm - the male sex cell – smaller than egg cell; tiny package of chromosomes that can swim

5. Sexual Reproduction
Zygote – a fertilized egg

6. Male Reproductive System
The male reproductive system is specialized to produce sperm cells and the hormone testosterone

7. Male Reproductive System
Main structures
Testes
Scrotum
Penis
Penis
Scrotum
Testicle

8. Male Reproductive System
vas deferens
Seminal vesicles
Prostate
Cowper’s
epididymis
Add the terms highlighted in your book pg 267

9. Bladder
Seminal vesicle
Prostate
Vas deferens
Urethra
Rectum
Penis
Epididymis
Testicle
Scrotum

10. The Testes Testes – clusters of coiled tubes
Produce testosterone and sperm (over 100 million sperm/day)
Testicle without the scrotum surrounding it

11. What’s testosterone?
Testosterone – hormone responsible for adult male characteristics
Facial hair
Deepening of voice
Broadening of shoulders
Ability to produce sperm

12. The Testes Located in the scrotum which is an external pouch of skin
Why do you think males have a scrotum?

13. The Testes
This location keeps the testes at a slightly cooler temperature than the rest of the body
About 2°C to 3°C below normal body temp. (37°C)
Needed so sperm develop normally

14. Sperm Production
begins during the teenage years

15. Male Puberty – quick overview
Erection - the penis fills with blood and becomes hard
Nocturnal emissions (wet dreams)
Wet dreams occur with the penis becomes erect while sleeping and ejaculation occurs

16. Path of Sperm Cells Testicle: sperm made here
Epididymis: A structure within the scrotum attached to the backside of the testes. Sperm matures here.
It’s like sperm school 

17. Path of Sperm Cells

18. Path of sperm cells
Epididymis
Testicle

19. Path of Sperm Cells
Vas deferens - A tube connecting the testes to the urethra; Passageway for sperm

20. Semen Semen - cloudy white fluid that carries sperm out of the body
It keeps sperm from dehydrating and helps them swim.
About 5-10 million sperm are in each drop of semen!!

21. Semen Producing Glands
Semen producing glands are Cowper's gland, the Seminal Vesicles and the Prostate gland.

22. Semen Producing Glands
Seminal Vesicles produces a large amount of the fluid that ultimately becomes semen
Seminal vesicles

23. Semen Producing Glands
Prostate Gland produces 1/3 of the fluid in ejaculation – the fluid gives sperm its nutrients
Prostate gland

24. Semen Producing Glands
Cowper’s gland produces clear sticky fluid when male is sexually excited – helps flush out any remaining traces of urine in the urethra
Cowper’s gland

25. Male Reproductive System
Ejaculation - semen leaves the body through an organ called the penis.
Urethra - tube where semen travels – urine passes through here too.
During ejaculation muscles near the bladder contract preventing urine and semen from mixing.

26. The Female Reproductive System
Chapter 20: Section 2 – pgs : Lady Parts

27. Female Reproductive System
specialized to produce eggs and if an egg is fertilized, to nourish a developing baby until birth.
It also produces estrogen and other hormones.

28. Estrogen Estrogen - produced by the ovaries.
a hormone in females that triggers hips to widen, breasts to develop, and plays a role in egg cell development.

29. Female Reproductive System
Main parts of the female reproductive system:
Ovaries
Fallopian Tubes
Uterus
Vagina

30. Female Reproductive System
Fallopian tube
ovary
uterus
endometrium
cervix
vagina

31. Ovaries
Ovaries: the female reproductive structures that produce eggs. Ova is eggs in Latin.

32. Path of the egg
Fallopian Tubes - passageway an egg travels from the ovary to the uterus.
Fertilization usually occurs within the fallopian tubes.

33. Path of the egg
Fallopian tube
ovary

34. Uterus Uterus: a hollow muscular organ the size of a pear.
If egg is fertilized, the zygote attaches to the wall of the uterus.
If not fertilized, the egg leaves the body

35. Cervix
Cervix: An opening at the base of the uterus which leads to the vagina.

36. Vagina
Vagina: a muscular passageway leading to the outside of the body. It is also called the birth canal since the baby leaves the mother's body through it.

37. Guess the topic of this lesson from the following video clip.

39. Menstrual Cycle – the monthly cycle of changes that occurs in females.

40. When a girl goes through puberty one of the changes that occurs is that she will begin to menstruate or have periods.
This is the female body’s way of preparing to reproduce

41. During the menstrual cycle, an egg develops in an ovary
During the menstrual cycle, an egg develops in an ovary. At the same time, the lining of the uterus (endometrium) thickens in a way that prepares the uterus for a fertilized egg (zygote).

42. The menstrual cycle takes about 28 days
The menstrual cycle consists of a number of stages

43. The menstrual cycle starts with the first day of a woman’s period.
Extra tissue and blood from the endometrium (lining of the uterus) breaks down and leaves the body through the vagina.
This is called menstruation
Day 1-4

44. Day 5-13 Around day 7 the blood flow stops.
The lining of the uterus begins to build up again.
An egg enters the final steps of maturing in one of the ovaries
Day 5-13

45. An egg is released by an ovary into a fallopian tube.
This is called Ovulation
Day 14

46. The egg can last up to 3 days after it is released from the ovary.
The egg moves through the fallopian tube. It can be fertilized by sperm. The lining of the uterus thickens.
Day 15 – 21

47. If the egg is fertilized, it attaches to the uterus.
If the egg is not fertilized then the endometrium begins to break down.
Day 22 – 28

48. The cycle starts over again...
The cycle starts over again expelling the lining of the uterus and the egg.
Remember this is known as a period or menstruation.
Day 1 – 7