New Agricultural Revolution Do Now: You are starting up your own farm, what would you need to run a successful farm?

First Agricultural Revolution Nomads, groups of 20-25 people would travel from one area to another looking for food Neolithic Revolution, nomads started to settle in Villages and learned how to farm and domesticate animals The methods improved the lives of the people, made the population grow Settlers now created a surplus of food

Improved Farming New Agricultural Revolution allowed settlers to improve their crop turn out Used fertilizer from livestock Mixture of different types of soil to make rich soil Rotated crops- Refresh the soil Seed drill- Distribute seeds evenly along the soil

Enclosure Movement Wealthy landowners started to take over land and began fencing in the land Enclosed land increased wool output Profits rose because large fields needed fewer people to work them Many peasant farmers lost their jobs because of the enclosure movement

Enclosure Movement

Surplus of Food New Agriculture Revolution allowed for farmers to produce more food People had enough food to store in case of a bad harvest or long winter New Technology allowed farmers to produce more food in a shorter period of time Rotation of crops allowed for the soil to rejuvenate itself

Famine

Reason for Population Growth Agricultural Revolution reduced the risk of famine The surplus of food increase the life expectancy of people Women ate healthier so their babies were stronger Better hygiene and sanitation along with medical care further slowed deaths from diseases

Population Growth Britain’s population soared from 5 million in 1700 to almost 9 million in 1800 Population in France rose from 18 million in 1715 to 26 million in 1789 Population of all of Europe rose from 120 million to 190 million in 100 years

Natural Resource Britain is a small island that had good harbors Britain had many coal mines throughout their country Britain also had an abundance of iron The coal was used to power steam engine and the iron was used to make new machines Coal_and_Iron.asf

Coalfields & Industrial Areas

New Technology Britain was the center of the Scientific Revolution and it has focused on improving the world around them Britain read about new technology in Diderot’s encyclopedia Technology did not cause the Industrial revolution but was a big part of it Along with technology Britain had the demand and money for these technologies

Human Resources A large number of people were needed to work the factories The new agricultural revolution forced many people to look for new jobs by moving to cities Cities were where the factories were located The population boom increased the work force

Stable Government Britain had a government that supported economic growth Britain built a strong navy to protect its empire and overseas trade Business men developed great wealth which increased the amount of jobs Religious groups encouraged thrift and hard work

Economic Conditions Britain had conquered land in the Americas which were full of natural resources that was turned into capital Business class had money that they could invest in new enterprises like mines, railroads and factories Many business men were willing to take risks in hopes of making a greater fortune The population explosion increased the demand for goods and the people had money to purchase the items

Industrial Cities Industrial Revolution brought rapid urbanization or movement of people to the cities Need for workers in factories drew workers from rural areas People would pack into tiny rooms in tenement buildings The tenements had no running water, foul-smells and garbage rotted in the streets

Factory Workers The average work day lasted between 12-16 hours Machines had no safety device so many workers injured themselves Coal dust from the machines destroyed lungs of workers

Women Workers Factory owners thought women could adapt easier to the machines in factories than men Factory owners paid women less than men Women worked long hours and then had to take care of the family when they came home

Child Labor Children worked in factories to help their families pay bills and buy food Children were good in the mines because of their small frame Children were also used in factories to fix machines because of their small hands Employers made deals with orphanages to take orphans for their factory

Industrial Revolution Social Classes Industry brought new social classes: Upper Class- Superrich industrial business family Middle Class- Doctors and Lawyers Lower Middle Class- Teachers and Shop Owners Base/Lower Class- Factory Workers

Karl Marx Marx and Friedrich Engels published a pamphlet about the struggle between classes called The Communist Manifesto Marx spoke about the “Haves” and the “Have Not” of society and their struggles Haves: Owned the means of production and this controlled society and its wealth. Example bourgeoisie or middle class Have Not: The proletariat or working class. Example factory workers Marx believed the class struggle between the bourgeoisie and proletariat would lead to proletariats taking control of the means of society

Capitalism Capitalism is a economic system in which means of production are privately owned for profit Factory owners are an example capitalism who open business to make a profit Government has limited regulation, or rules, on businesses in a capitalist society Limited regulations comes from Adam Smith’s idea of laissez-faire or “hands off policy”

Unions Unions work on behalf of the workers to improve working life Unions help push governments to make working conditions better, limit work hours and improve safety conditions Governments even set up programs for old-age pensions as well as disability insurance

Standard of Living Wages increased with the formation of unions Pay depended on your skill and your experience Women were not paid the same as men were

Review What was the Neolithic Revolution? What did the Neolithic Revolution provide people? What was the purpose of crop rotation? What was the enclosure movement?