1. Effects of the Industrial Revolution

2. Review What was the enclosure movement?
What were the four main causes of the Industrial Revolution? Explain why each one was important.

3. Effects of the Industrial Revolution
1. Laissez-Faire Capitalism (Market Economy/”Hands off”).
Businesses and factories should be owned by individuals (NOT by the government)
Business decisions should be made by individuals (Government should NOT interfere)
Prices should be set by individuals (NOT the government) based on supply and demand

4. Effects of the Industrial Revolution
2. Rise of Big Business
To acquire money, owners sold stock or shares in their company to investors.
$ now to owners to invest, profit to investors later

5. Upper Class: factory owners
3. New Class Structure
Upper Class: factory owners
Middle Class:
Upper: business people and professionals, such as lawyers and doctors, emerged.
Lower: teachers, office workers, shop owners, and clerks.
Lower Class:
Factory workers and peasants. Faced harsh living and working conditions in overcrowded cities.
In the Middle Ages, the two main classes in Europe had been nobles and peasants. During the 1600s , a middle class had emerged. The Industrial Revolution added more complexity.

6. Effects of the Industrial Revolution
4. Urbanization
Working-class people lived in crowded buildings.
Without a sewage or sanitation system, garbage rotted in the streets.
Disease spread.
Many cities had severe pollution from the smoke that came out of factories.

9. Effects of the Industrial Revolution
5. Bad Working Conditions
Men, women, and even children worked hours a day and low pay. Mass production methods led to work that was boring. Many machines were dangerous.
A .Formation of Labor Unions- Workers formed labor unions (organizations of workers) that fought to improve the pay and working conditions of workers.
b. Governments eventually passed laws to set minimum wage and end child labor.

12. Effects of the Industrial Revolution
6. Improved transportation
Roads and canals were built and improved
Steam locomotive led to more railroads across being built
Steam engines powered ships at sea

13. Effects of the Industrial Revolution
Rising Standards of Living
Rich lived on the edges of the city (suburbs)
Poor crowded in slums in city centers near factories.
People ate more varied diets and were healthier, thanks to advances in medicine

14. Statistics of the Industrial Revolution
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