1. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
The Transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to 1820/1840.

2. Pre- Industrial World vs. Industrial World

3. Pre-Industrial World (Before 1700)
Most goods were made at home.
This meant there was a demand for skilled workers.
High quality of goods.

4. Creating goods took a longer period of time.
There were less goods in circulation.
The price of goods were high.

5. Industrial World Most goods were made in a factory.
This meant there was a demand for unskilled workers.

6. Low quality of goods.
Creating goods took a short period of time.
There were more goods in circulation.
The price of goods were low.

7. The Industrial Revolution
Why was there an Industrial Revolution in England?

8. CAN YOU DEFINE THE TERM INDUSTRIAL REVOLTUION?
PICTURE # 1:
Taken before the Industrial Revolution
PICTURE # 2:
Taken after the Industrial Revolution

9. The Industrial Revolution
The time period in the 1750’s, when people switched from making goods in the home or on the farm
To mass producing goods in factories located in cities.
How close were you to this definition ???

10. Let us understand the “Causes of Industrialization”
#1: Agricultural Revolution
#2: Population Explosion
#3: Energy Revolution
Which causes are seen in this picture?

11. The Agricultural Revolution
Small farms were enclosed with fences to create large, profitable farms.
New farming methods and machinery increased agricultural production (More Food & Seed Drill).
Better food production

12. Population Explosion People eat better
Women give birth to healthier babies
Better medical care slows the death rate
All these people needed jobs & moved to cities
More demand for goods

13. Energy Revolution
New machines allowed mass production of goods (many at a time).
New inventions improved products and created new products.
Water wheels power machines
Coal used to fuel steam engines
Faster production of goods

14. Why Great Britain?
Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in England?

15. Why did INDUSTRIALIZATION begin in England?
ENGLAND HAD THE FOLLOWING:
Colonial Empire: Colonies supplied Britain with raw materials & served as markets for finished goods (mercantilism).
Capital: wealthy merchants had money to invest.
Geography:
Island – good access for trade
Irregular coastlines – great for harbor/ports
Mild temperatures (trade all year)

16. Why did INDUSTRIALIZATION begin in England?
ENGLAND HAD THE FOLLOWING:
Large Labor Supply: Human Resources because of population explosion, machines replaced farmers
Natural Resources: Coal & iron ore (abundant supply)
New Technology: Textiles, Transportation, & Communication
Stable government & Economy

17. RANK IN ORDER OF IMPORTANCE1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 6: 7:
BE SURE TO HAVE A REASON
FOR YOUR CHOICE

18. The Basics of an Industrialized Society
Shift from rural (farming) economy to urban (city), machine based manufacturing
Wage Employment- Instead of working on a farm for a share of the crops and a place to live, people earn wages in factories
Movement of people from farms to cities
High social mobility- easier to raise or lower social class depending on ability and work performance
IN YOUR OPINION : WHICH IS THE MOST IMPORTANT RESULT OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION?

19. The Industrial Revolution
How did the Industrial Revolution Affect Society?

20. How did the Industrial Revolution Change Society?
PICTURE # 1 : Taken before the industrial revolution
Picture # 2 :Taken after after the industrial revolution

21. These are some Social Effects of Industrial Revolution
Urbanization- the growth of large cities
Rise of a working class
New roles for children
New roles for women
IN THE FOLLOWING SLIDES DETERMINE IF THESE EFFECTS WERE “POSITIVE” OR “NEGATIVE”

22. Urbanization
As fewer workers were needed on the farm, workers moved to the cities to find jobs in factories.
Overcrowding and pollution increased.
By 1850, more people in Great Britain lived
in cities than in the countryside.

23. Rise of a Working Class
In the cities, workers often found themselves working long hours for low pay and in dangerous factories. Many factory owners became rich while workers did not.
There was a wide difference in wealth between the factory owners (haves) and the workers (the have nots)
POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE ?
POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE ?

24. New Roles for Children
While children used to work on the farm, many now worked in dangerous conditions in factories.
They were prized by factory owners because they could fit into tight spots and would not complain.

25. New Roles for Women
While women did chores on the farm, they were also able to take care of children during the day. During the Industrial Revolution, women would either work in the dangerous factories or stay home and take care of the children, thus becoming very dependent on men.
POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE

26. Distribution of Factory workers (by age and gender), 1833
Wage of Factory workers, 1833
“Report from Dr. James Mitchell to the Central Board of Commissioners, respecting the Returns made from the Factories, and the Results obtained from them.” British Parliamentary Papers, 1834 (167) XIX.

27. The Industrial Revolution
How did the Industrial Revolution lead to democratic reforms in England?

28. How would you fix or change these social effects of the Industrial Revolution? Be specific!
1. Urbanization- the growth of large cities with overpopulation and pollution
2. Rise of a relatively poor working class and a rich capitalist class
3. New roles for children- children worked in dangerous factories
4. New roles for women- women had dual responsibility in the home and in factories

29. How did the English government address the social problems created by the Industrial Revolution?
The following slides show the reforms made by the English government to address the problems of the Industrial Revolution
EVALUATE WHETHER THE REFORM (CHANGE) FIXED THE SPECIFIC PROBLEM OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

30. Reforms to the Problems of Cities
Paved streets, sewers, electric street lights
Police forces and better fire departments
Cleaner water supplies
Effective or Not?

31. Reforms to the Problems of the Working Class
Workers formed unions to bargain on their behalf with employers Rising wages for most workers and a minimum wage was established Most men received the right to vote
Effective or Not?

32. Reforms to the Problems of Children
Elementary Education Act of 1880 provided free public school education for all children Laws were passed limiting the working day of children
Effective or Not?

33. Reforms to the Problems of Women
Laws were passed banning women from working in coal mines
Women began to join skilled professions such as doctors, lawyers, researchers and inventors
Women joined groups demanding better rights and the right the vote
Effective or Not?

34. Evaluate the following statement…
“Problems exist in the world today that are very similar to the problems that first existed over 200 years ago during England’s industrial revolution. The world has not learned the lessons of England’s industrial revolution.”

35. What is happening in the world today?
# Do the social problems that occurred during the Industrial revolution exist around the world today?
#2 Have working conditions improved so much that these social problems have disappeared from the world?