1. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

2. The Industrial Revolution
Essential Question: How did new technological innovations change the economic and social aspects of life? How did it impact migration?

3. “Causes of Industrialization”
#1: Agricultural Revolution
#2: Commercial Revolution
#3: New Technology and Machines

4. # 1: The Agricultural Revolution
Small farms were enclosed with fences to create large, profitable farms. New farming methods and machinery increased agricultural production. Extra workers had to move to the cities to find jobs.
THE ENCLOSURE MOVEMENT

5. #2 Commercial Revolution
Increase in global trade network
New wealthy classes had money to invest in factories and new businesses.
Faster Clipper Ships
Wealthy Merchants

6. #3 New Technology Scientific Revolution
New machines allowed mass production of goods (many at a time).
New inventions- agricultural machines,water powered machines, spinning jenny, steam engine.

8. Why did INDUSTRIALIZATION begin in England?
ENGLAND HAD THE FOLLOWING:
A vast colonial empire to which surplus good could be sold
Stable Government
An efficient government that encouraged private individuals to invest and become entrepreneurs.
Developing economic systems for banking, credit and investments
New Technology
Natural Resources essential for industrial progress
An Agricultural Revolution

9. The Basics of an Industrialized Society 1700s-1750
Shift from rural (farming) economy to urban (city), machine based manufacturing
Wage Employment- Instead of working on a farm for a share of the crops and a place to live, people earn wages in factories
Movement of people from farms to cities
High social mobility- easier to raise or lower social class depending on ability and work performance

10. Urbanization Growth of cities Overcrowding and pollution increased.
Spread of disease
Social issues

13. Rise of a Working Class Common working day: 12 – 14 hours
One short break for lunch
Work week: 6 days per week

14. Working Class Workers were beaten if they did not perform well.
Hot, polluted factory air.
Workers risked losing limbs from the machines.
Low wages.

15. Wages in Great Britain Men: 10-15 shillings Women: 5 shillings
Children: 1 shilling
**rent cost 5 shillings month

16. New Roles for Children
While children used to work on the farm, many now worked in dangerous conditions in factories. They were prized by factory owners because they could fit into tight spots and would not complain.

17. New Roles for Children

23. Roles for Women Women enter workforce (textile factories)
Wages must be sufficient to build dowries, but not so great that they may decide to remain single
– By definition, women’s wages must be too low for a woman to live on.
If entire family could work- wives went to work, if not then DAUGHTERS worked

24. New Roles for Women

25. The Reader

26. New Economic Systems

27. Capitalism
Def. = the people of a country make most, if not all, of the economic decisions. The government has very little control or input.
Foundations of Capitalism
a) Free-enterprise = people are allowed to create and do almost anything economically
b) private property = people have the right to own capital and other economic resources

28. c) competition = allows for the best product at the lowest price through the interaction of supply and demand
d) laissez-faire theory = the government should stay out of the economy; “hands off” the economy

29. Socialism
Definition: An economic system in which society, usually in the form of government, owns or controls the important parts of the economy, such as factories or utilities,
Ideology: replace competition with cooperation
Universal togetherness.
Early socialists: Utopian Socialists

30. Marxist Communism Karl Marx wrote The Communist Manifesto (1848)
Denounced the new industrial economy
A worker’s revolution would destroy capitalism

31. Marxist Communism
Economic forces shape history through class struggles of society
Marx predicted a revolution between the bourgeoisie (industrialists) and the proletariat (workers)
The proletariat would overthrow the bourgeoisie 
Dictatorship of the Proletariat / create a socialist economy 
Communism with a classless society

32. Communism
Definition: Economic System in which the government completely controls the economy; it decides what will be produced, who will produce it, and how it will be produced.
Theory of exploitation of the wage earners by the Capitalists.