Verb and Verb Phrase (I) Lecture Four Verb and Verb Phrase (I)

Classification of verbs main verbs vs. auxiliaries transtive verbs vs. intranstive verbs vs linking verbs dynamic verbs vs. stative verbs finite verbs vs. non-finite verbs single-word verbs vs. phrasal verbs regular verbs vs. irregular verbs

Main verbs transtive verbs mono-transitive verbs: taking an object What language do you speak? ditransitive verbs: taking an indirect and a direct object He gave me a book. complex transitive verbs: taking a direct object and an object complement You should keep the room clean. Intranstive verbs linking verbs/copula The dish smells delicious.

Auxiliaries primary auxiliaries be, do, have modal auxiliaries can/could, may/might, will/would, shall/should, must, ought to, dare, need, used to semi-auxiliaries be able to, be bound to, be going to, be supposed to, be about to, be due to, be likely to, have to, etc.

Finite verbs marked for tense two forms: the present tense, the past tense She calls regularly. Someone called yesterday.

Non-finite verbs have no tense distinctions three forms: the infinitive, the –ing participle and the –ed participle She may call tonight. We want her to call. Calling early, she found him at home. Called early, she ate a quick breakfast.

Tense Tense is a grammatical form associated with verbs that tells of the distinctions of time. It shows the relationship between the form of the verb and the time of the action or state it describes. tense vs. time past present future In English, verbs may be in the present or past tense. The sun rises in the east. I am leaving next Monday. Suddenly she collapses on the floor.

Aspect Aspect is a grammatical term indicating whether an action or state at a given time is viewed as complet or incomplete. the progressive tense the perfect tense The historical development of the progressive tense He was on working – He was a-working – He was working.

Voice Voice is a grammatical category, a form of the verb which shows whether the subject of a sentence acts or is acted on. the active voice the passive voice

Mood Mood is a finite verb form that indicate whether an utterance expresses a fact, a command or request, or a non-fact and hypothesis. the indicative mood the imperative mood the subjunctive mood