1. Chapter 4
Verbs

2. Verbs Communicate what is happening
Connect the subject to its complement
2 kinds
Action
State of Being

3. Verbs
He ______________ the ball at the most crucial moment in the game.
In a sudden storm, the rain ____________ the flowers.
The children ____________ in the afternoon.

4. Action vs. State of Being Verbs
He leads the battle.
He is a general.
The soldiers listen for his orders.
They are ready for action.

5. Verb Test Frame He is ______________s. He is ______________ing.
He moves.
He is moving.
Does not always work, especially with state of being verbs

6. Auxiliaries Helping verbs A verb may one or more auxiliaries.
Memorize this list.
Am, Is, Are, Was, Were, Be, Being, Been
Have, Has, Had
Do, Does, Did
Will, would, shall, should, can, could, may, might, must
Note the be can be linking verbs.
Note have and do can also be main verbs.

7. Linking Verbs Our neighbor is __________________.
Linking verbs are state of being verbs that link the subject with its complement.
PNs and PAs follow LVs.
Can usually be replaced with a be verb
The cookies smell delicious. > The cookies are delicious.

8. Linking Verbs Memorize this list.
Am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been
Sometimes LVs- appear, become, feel, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste
Note if a be verb is followed by another verb, it is a helping verb not a linking verb.

9. Transitive Verbs My friend gives me ___________________.
A transitive verb (TrV) has an object that receives the action of the verb, a direct object (DO).
DOs answer the questions whom? or what? after the verb.
Indirect objects (IOs) can also follow transitive verbs.
IOs answer the questions to whom/what? or for whom/what? after the verb.
IOs come after a TrV and before a DO.

10. Intransitive Verbs
Intransitive verbs (InVs) do not need an object to complete their meaning.
The dog ran away.

11. TrV vs. InV
She revised the chapter.
She revises on her computer.

12. Principal Parts of Verbs
Present
Past
Past Participle
Verb without an additional ending (talk)
Regularly formed by adding –ed or -d to the present form (talked)
Regularly formed by adding some form of have to the past form (have talked)
Irregular verb forms must be memorized of used after consulting a dictionary.
Note the charts on pp

13. Verb Tenses Present- work Past- worked Future- will work
The three simple tenses do not have a direct correspondence to the three principal parts. Each simple tense, however, is formed from one of the three principal parts.

14. Present What is true now or occurs habitually
Formed from the 1st principal part of the verb
The “regular” tense
Has/ have
Practice/ practices

15. Past Shows action that has occurred in the past
Same as the past principal part
Usually ends in –ed, -d, or –t
Had
Practiced

16. Future Shows action that will occur in the future
Formed by adding will or shall to the 1st principal part
Will have
Will practice
Shall provide

17. Perfect Tenses Shows completed action
Present perfect- have or has + past participle (have jumped)
Past perfect- had + past participle (had jumped)
Future perfect- will have or shall have + past participle (will have jumped)

18. Progressive Tenses Tomorrow I will be _________________ all evening.
Shows continuing action
Be + verb + -ing

19. Progressive Tenses
Present progressive- is/are + verb + -ing (is looking)
Past progressive- was/were + verb + -ing (was looking)
Future progressive- will/shall be + verb + -ing (will be looking)

20. Progressive Tenses
Present perfect progressive- has/have been + verb + -ing (have been looking)
Past perfect progressive- had been + verb + -ing (had been looking)
Future perfect progressive- will have been + verb + -ing (will have been looking)

21. Auxiliaries You do have to finish the book.
Reading the summary will not complete the assignment.
Chapter 5 is not part of the assignment.
Do you know where we are going?
Emphasis, negation, question
This section won’t be on the test!

22. Active vs. Passive
All intransitive verbs and linking verbs are in the active voice.
Transitive verbs can be in either the active or passive voice.

23. Active vs. Passive Ashley’s friends gave her a party.
Ashley was given a party by her friends.

24. Active vs. Passive Active- The subject does the action.
Passive- The subject receives the action.
Passive sentences include a form of be as a helping verb.
Am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been
Use active voice wherever possible!

25. Mood Reflects the attitude of the speaker or author
Indicative- most common, factual sentences
Imperative- commands

26. Mood Your pockets need to be checked before the laundry is washed.
Empty your pockets before you put your dirty clothes in the laundry.
Mrs. Andrews has been there several times.
Ask Mrs. Andrews for directions.