Speech Presentation By Elanor J McCoy

Analyze the Audience Who are they? (Demographics) What are their interests? What do they know about the topic? What are their attitudes toward the topic? (Related to the topic, related to the speaker) Why are they here? (Captive Participants; Voluntary Participants)

Select and Narrow A Topic Self-Inventory Brainstorming

Determine Purpose State a General Purpose _ Inform Persuade Entertain (Speeches for the Occasion) Speeches to Inform Includes _ Explanation (To Teach, To Explain) Demonstrations (To Show) Definitions (To Define) Descriptions (To Describe) Topic: Ice To explain to my audience how ice is formed or made. (Action Statement)

State a Specific Purpose What is it that you want your audience to know or to do as a result of your speech (A Speech Goal)? Behavioral Adjective: To state the specific purpose in such a manner that desired behavioral outcome is specified. At the end of my speech the audience will be able to explain how water is turned into ice.

Central Idea/Thesis Statement Is a declarative Statement, which tells what your speech is about. Central Idea for Ice: Lowering the temperature to 32 degree Fahrenheit changes water properties, forming a solid known as ice.

Develop Main Ideas or Key Points Ask 3 Questions: - Are there logical divisions? Can I list at least 2 reasons, preferably 3, why the statement is true? Can I list a step or time sequence that will lead to the conclusion made in the statement? (Remember everything relates to and leads back to the central idea.) A Speech must have at least 2 main ideas or key points. 3 is an ideal number but not to exceed 5.

Main Points Main Points for Ice I. Lowering the temperature changes water properties. II. Ice is a solid.

Gathering Support Materials Two Types of Research: Primary and Secondary Ways to use information to support your speech: Testimony- is opinions or concludes of witnesses. can be Lay or Expert Examples – a simple representative incident or model that clarifies a point. Brief Example- Is a specific instance used to introduce a topic, drive home a point, or crate a desired impression: “Outsourcing has become an almost hated word and concept to many in the American workforce.”

Support Material Ways to use support material Illustrations- are a narrative, case history or anecdote that is striking and memorable. Lends depth and explanation to the point the speaker is trying to make. .Factual illustration- tells what has actually happened. Hypothetical illustration- tells what could happen. (Ex page 206)

Support Material Ways to use support material: Analogies- Is a comparison of two things that are similar in certain essential characteristics. Explain or prove the unknown by comparing it to the known. Figurative analogy- draws comparisons between things in different categories. (Ex. P 207) Literal analogy- is a comparison of members of the same category and simple comparison. (Ex 207)

Support Material Ways to use support material Restatement- is the expression of the same idea using different words, doesn’t provide evidence but can have a persuasive effect. (Ex 207). Definitions: - Logical definitions- dictionary definition. - Operational definition- explains how an object or concept works (Ex. P 208 - Definition by example- defined not by giving a term meaning but by showing an example of it. (Ex p 208) Statistics – Numerical data that show relationships or summarize or interpret man instances. (Ex P 209

Support Material II. Lowering the temperature changes water properties. A. Water is a compound element. B. Water is not stable III. Ice is a solid A. Molecular make –up of ice B. A Solid Defined

Separate the Speech into its Major Parts Introduction Body Conclusion

Outline the Speech You will organize your speech in a logical pattern. There are 6 organizational patterns identified in your book. Time-Sequence Pattern (chronological) the pattern begins at a particular point in time and continues either forward or backwards or it is arranged in a step sequence. (p. 222) Spatial Pattern – is organized according to relationship in space. Very useful in describing distance, directions, or physical surroundings. (p.222-223) Topical Pattern – It is a simple division of the main points. Any one can be stated first and it will not change the meaning of your speech it would still have a logical organizational pattern. ( P. 223)

Organizational Pattern Continued The Problem-Solution Pattern- you can simply state a problem and offer a solution since this would meet the requirement of two main points that the speech must have. This pattern could be more complex by stating a problem, then stating a solution that did not work then offer one that will work using evidence to support your claim. This would include: Definitions and description of the problem. Critical analysis of the problem. Suggestion of possible solutions A recommendation of the best solution A discussion of the best solution put into operation.

Organizational Patterns Continued Cause-effect pattern- You can state the cause of a situation then its effect on an identified group. Or you could reverse it and start with the effect or effects a situation has had on an identified group and then list he cause or causes. (p. 225) Motivated Sequence pattern – often used in persuasion and sales. It is a 5 step process; Attention Need Satisfaction Visualization Action

Outlining Wording the speech Once you have decided upon the organizational pattern you will use you start constructing the speech in the manner that you want to present. You have already developed your main points at this time but you want to determine ways to connect them. Here we will use: Transitions- transitions allow you to move smoothly through the speech from point to point. Signposts- are kinds of transitions that tell the audience where you are in your speech and what is ahead. (P. 227)

Outlining Wording Continued Internal previews- are short statements that give advanced warnings of what is to come. (p.228) Internal Summaries – are short review statements given at the end of a main point or in the conclusion. (p.228) Once the body of your speech has been written you will want to write an introduction. The introduction and conclusion combined should equal 1/3 of your speech while the other 2/3 is reserved for the body. (p. 228- 234) After your introduction is complete you will want to develop a conclusion. (p.234-236)

Consider Presentation Aids Use the actual object Posters Handouts PowerPoint Overhead Projectors

Practice the Speech Practice under realistic conditions Consider the size of the room Consider were you will stand a Consider body movements and gestures Consider volume Consider rate of speech Consider how you will use notes

Deliver the Speech Delivery Methods Manuscript Memorization Impromptu Extemporaneously