Irrigation Potential for Water Saving Technologies Zaid/Summer Campaign 2019 Irrigation Potential for Zaid/Summer Season & Water Saving Technologies through PMKSY Department of Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmers Welfare Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare

Zaid/Summer Season Crops Agricultural crops which are grown in the short duration between Rabi and Kharif crop season, mainly from March to June, are called Zaid crops. The Zaid crops require warm dry weather for major growth period and longer day length for flowering and fruiting. The main crops include traditional summer crops like rice, corn, cucumber, melon, pepper, tomato and some coarse cereals sown during the month of March and are generally harvested by June end.

Background Kharif crops are entirely dependent on monsoon rains while rabi and zaid crops requires life saving irrigation. Summer rice, pulses, oilseeds and small millets are generally taken in addition to short duration vegetable crops wherever irrigation facilities are available. Rice being a high water requiring crop, is being discouraged by many States, while short duration crops like traditional summer crops & vegetables inclusive of pulses, oilseeds, coarse-cereals and millets are being encouraged.

Background Total area under Zaid crops is around 4.50 million ha and may be increased to 5.90 million ha. More area can be brought under Zaid/Summer crops by diverting area under rice(approx 50% of the total Zaid area) to pulses, oilseeds, vegetables and some fruits which are having lesser water requirement. Area under Zaid crops can also be increased by efficient use of available water using micro irrigation technologies.

Benefits of Zaid Crops It helps in cutting losses incurred due to dry spell or heavy rain due to bad weather conditions in rabi season. Inclusion of short duration varieties of pulses and oilseeds (groundnut) rejuvenates the soil. Provides extra income to the farmers through optimization of resources.

Major Zaid Season Crops and Water Requirements Water requirement (mm) Paddy (Short/Medium) 700-1000 Onion(Desi) 300 Maize 500-600 Musk melon 290-315 Bhindi 500-750 Cowpea 285-320 Brijal 500-650 Cucumber 230-250 Tomato 500 Pointed gourd 160-185 Water melon 335-360 Blackgram 150-200 Bitter gourd 315-340 Greengram

WATER USE EFFICIENCY & SCOPE OF IMPROVEMENT Net Sown area -141.43 million Ha. Net Irrigated area – 68.10 million Ha. Water Use efficiency of traditional irrigation methods is low: Surface Irrigation: 35-40% Ground Water: 55% Micro irrigation – Maximum water use efficiency: Drip irrigation efficiency about 90% Sprinkler irrigation efficiency about 70%

PMKSY-PDMC PMKSY (Per Drop More Crop): Being implemented by Department of Agriculture Cooperation and Farmers Welfare (DAC&FW). The Mission focuses on enhancing water use efficiency at farm level through precision/micro irrigation i.e. Drip and Sprinkler Irrigation.

PMKSY-PDMC Components Micro Irrigation (MI):- Drip and Sprinkler Irrigation systems to enhance water use efficiency Other Interventions (OI):- Micro level Water Harvesting/ Conservation Structures linked to Micro Irrigation (Other Interventions) to supplement source creation for MI

Activities under PMKSY- PDMC Micro Irrigation (MI) Drip Irrigation Sprinkler Irrigation Supplementary Water Management Activities (Other Intervention) Water storage/ harvesting structures Secondary Storage Structure Renovation of existing water bodies Efficient Water conveyance and water lifting devices Water Management Activities needs to be taken up for supplementing the efficient use through Micro-irrigation.

Impacts of Micro Irrigation Irrigation cost reduced by 20% to 50% with average of 32.3%. Electricity consumption reduced by about 31%. Saving of fertilizers 7% to 42%. Average productivity of fruits and vegetables increased by about 42.3% and 52.8%. Overall income enhancement of farmers in the range of 20% to 68% with average of 48.5%

Benefits of Micro irrigation for Zaid crops Promoting/Increasing use of Micro irrigation system (Drip and sprinkler) can help enhancing area under Zaid crops through efficient use of water. Increase productivity of crops and income of farmers through precision water management during Zaid Season .

Micro-Irrigation Fund (MIF) Government has approved a dedicated Micro Irrigation Fund (MIF) created with NABARD with an initial corpus of Rs. 5000 crore. The main objective of the MIF is to facilitate the States in mobilising the resources for expanding coverage under Micro Irrigation. MIF would not be available as substitute for mandatory State share in PMKSY-PDMC.

Strategies for MIF States may access MIF for incentivising micro irrigation through additional (top up) subsidy over and above the one available under PMKSY-PDMC component for achieving the target. MIF may be accessed for innovative integrated projects, including projects in the Public Private Partnership (PPP) mode. Farmers Producers Organizations (FPOs)/Cooperatives/Water User Associations (WUAs)/State Level Agencies can also access MIF with State Government Guarantee or equivalent collateral for innovative cluster based Community Irrigation projects for Micro irrigation coverage.

Way Forward More thrust on MI for water intensive crops. Promotion of fertigation through MI. Promote MI in command areas of AIBP programmes. Awareness programme for popularisation of MI.

Year wise coverage of MI under PMKSY-PDMC Area in Lakh Ha **MI Target for 2018-19 MI coverage reported so far: 7.02 lakh ha* 7.02* Financial year

Pattern of Micro Irrigation penetration in different States Andhra Pradesh Gujarat Karnataka Maharashtra Rajasthan Tamil Nadu Telangana Bihar Chhattisgarh Haryana Madhya Pradesh Odisha Himachal Pradesh Jharkhand Kerala Punjab Uttarakhand Uttar Pradesh Goa J & K West Bengal NE States Good Moderate Low Poor

State wise area covered under MI during 2017-18 States which added above 1 lakh hectares: Sr. No. State Area (Thousand ha) 1 Telangana 89.51 3 Rajasthan 48.20 2 Madhya Pradesh 37.63 4 Uttar Pradesh 28.23 5 Chhattisgarh 10.92 States which added above 10000 ha and below 1 lakh hectares: Sr. No. State Area (Thousand ha) 1 Karnataka 236.10 2 Andhra Pradesh 186.41 3 Gujarat 143.13 4 Maharashtra 132.82 5 Tamil Nadu 105.69

Area (Thousand haLakh ha) States which added above 1000 hectares and below 10000 hectares: States which added below 1000 hectares: Sr. No. State Area (Thousand ha ha) 1 Haryana 9.42 2 Odisha 3.03 3 West Bengal 2.31 4 Jharkhand 1.54 5 Uttarakhand 1.41 6 Himachal Pradesh 1.10 Sr. No. State Area (Thousand haLakh ha) 1 Punjab 0.60 2 Kerala 0.36 3 Goa 0.24 4 Bihar 0.086 States which are yet to take advantage of the scheme: J&K and NE States

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