Interpersonal Communication: Relating to Others Beebe/Beebe/Redmond Presentation Prepared by: Jill Harms, Iowa State University Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 9: Understanding Interpersonal Relationships This Multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; Any rental, lease, or lending of the program. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 2

Objectives Define interpersonal relationships and identify two ways to distinguish among them. Identify and differentiate between short-term initial attraction and long-term maintenance attraction. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Objectives (Continued) Identify and describe the stages of relational escalation and de-escalation. Describe the main components of the three theories that explain relational development. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

You can hardly make a friend in a year, but you can lose one in an hour. Chinese Proverb Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Interpersonal Relationships Defined Shared perception Ongoing interdependent connection Relational expectations Interpersonal intimacy Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Interpersonal Relationships Defined Interpersonal relationship (continued) Circumstance or choice Power Complementary relationships Competitive relationships Competitive and submissive symmetrical relationships Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Interpersonal Relationships Defined (Continued) Figure 9.1 Continuum of Interpersonal Intimacy and Friendship Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Genesis of Interpersonal Relationships: Attraction Interpersonal attraction Short-term initial attraction Long-term maintenance attraction Predicted outcome value (POV) Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Genesis of Interpersonal Relationships: Attraction (Continued) Sources of initial attraction Proximity Physical appearance Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Genesis of Interpersonal Relationships: Attraction (Continued) Sources of both initial and long-term attraction Competence Self-Disclosure Reciprocation of liking Similarities Differences and complementary needs Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Stages of Interpersonal Relationship Development Relational escalation Preinteraction awareness Acquaintance Introductions Casual banter Exploration Intensification Intimacy Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Stages of Interpersonal Relationship Development (Continued) Relational de-escalation Post-intimacy relationship Turmoil or stagnation Deintensification Individualization Separation Post-separation effects Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Model of Relational Development Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Principles Underlying Relational Stages You can choose to remain in a given relational stage Speed of progressing through the stages varies Changes in relationships are signaled Turning points Casual turning point Reflective turning point Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Principles Underlying Relational Stages (Continued) Change occurs within each stage Change occurs between stages Movement through the stages can be forward or backward Relational development involves negotiating change Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Theories of Interpersonal Relationship Development Filtering Social exchange theory Immediate rewards and costs Forecasted rewards and costs Cumulative rewards and costs Expected rewards and costs Comparison to alternatives Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Theories of Interpersonal Relationship Development (Continued) Relational Dialectics Theory Identifying dialectical tensions Connectedness versus autonomy Predictability versus novelty (certainty versus uncertainty) Openness versus closedness Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Theories of Interpersonal Relationship Development (Continued) Dialectical theory (continued) Using dialectical tensions to explain relational movement Coping with dialectical tensions Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Theories of Interpersonal Relationship Development (Continued) Social penetration theory Breadth Depth Enhancing intimacy by self-disclosing over time Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Theories of Interpersonal Relationship Development (Continued) Social penetration theory (continued) Characteristics of self-disclosure Self-disclosure usually occurs in small increments Communication privacy management theory Self-disclosure moves from less personal to more personal information Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Theories of Interpersonal Relationship Development (Continued) Social penetration theory (continued) Characteristics of self-disclosure Self-disclosure is reciprocal Dyadic effect Self-disclosure involves risk and requires trust Warranting Self-disclosure reflects perceptions about the nature of your relationships Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Social Penetration Model Insert Figure 9.4 Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Self-Disclosure as a Dance Enhancing your moves Be other-oriented Monitor nonverbal cues Adapt to other’s moves Promoting your partner’s moves Be trustworthy Provide social support and confirming responses Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

End Show Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.