1. Interpersonal Communication: Relating to Others
Beebe/Beebe/Redmond
Presentation Prepared by: Jill Harms, Iowa State University
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2. Chapter 6: Verbal Communication Skills
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3. Objectives Describe how words create meaning.
Identify how words influence our perceptions, thoughts, actions, culture, and relationships.
Identify and describe words that lead to misunderstandings.
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4. Objectives (Continued)
Use words to provide support and avoid defensiveness.
Use words to offer an apology when appropriate.
Use assertiveness skills appropriately and ethically.
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5. Words can destroy. What we call each other ultimately becomes what we think of each other, and it matters.
Jeanne J. Kirkpatrick
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6. How Words Work Robert Kneschke/iStockphoto
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7. How Words Work (Continued)
Words are symbols
Symbols
Referents
Thoughts
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8. How Words Work (Continued)
Words are denotative and connotative
Words are concrete and abstract
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9. How Words Work (Continued)
Words are arbitrary
Onomatopoeia
Words are culture-bound
Symbolic interaction theory
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10. The Power of Words Words create perceptions Words influence thoughts
Words influence actions
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11. The Power of Words (Continued)
Words affect and reflect culture
Linguistic determinism
Linguistic relativity
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
Worldview
Words make and break relationships
Profanity
Euphemism
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12. How to Mange Misunderstandings
Be aware of missed meaning
Bypassing
Be clear
Malapropism
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13. How to Mange Misunderstandings (Continued)
Be specific
Restricted code
Jargon
Allness
Indexing
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14. How to Mange Misunderstandings (Continued)
Be aware of changes in meaning
Static evaluation
Be aware of polarizing either-or extremes
Be unbiased
Hate speech
Avoid sexist language
Avoid ethnically or racially biased language
Avoid demeaning language
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15. Characteristics of Women’s Interactions
Talk to establish equality
Talk to show emotional support to others
Make sure everyone present feels invited to talk
More tentative in the way they use language
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16. Characteristics of Men’s Interactions
Talk to establish power
Talk to accomplish tasks
Talk to sustain and even dominate conversation
More assertive when talking
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17. How to Use Words of Support
Describe your feelings, rather than evaluate behavior
Extended “I” language
Solve problems, rather than control
Be genuine, rather than manipulative
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18. Using Words to Support Others (Continued)
Empathize, rather than remain detached
Be flexible, rather than rigid
Present yourself as equal, rather than superior
Elaborated code
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19. How to Apologize Apology
People are more likely to apologize to someone they are close to
One of the most effective ways to apologize is to honestly and sincerely admit you were wrong
Research shows the person perceives an apology as more sincere if you do not apologize right away, but wait a short time
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20. How to Be Assertive Assertive Aggressive Describe Disclose
Identify effects
Be silent
Paraphrase
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21. How to Express Your Emotions to Others
Use well-chosen words or phrases to express the emotions you are feeling
Practice expressing your emotions
Use word pictures
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22. End Show
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