1. Chapter 1 An Overview of Communication
Embracing Difference Fourth Edition
Dunn and Goodnight
Chapter 1
An Overview of Communication
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2. The Communication Process
Communicating effectively stems from an overall understanding that people are simultaneously different and similar.
Communication is the interdependent process of sending, receiving, and understanding messages.
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3. Functions of Communication
It creates and maintains our sense of self or our identity.
It helps us create communities.
It forms and strengthens relationships.
It gives us the ability to influence others.
It conveys and creates information.
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4. The Communication Process
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5. Communication Process... People
Source – The person who creates and sends the message.
Receiver – The person to whom the message is sent.
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6. Communication Process... The Message
The thought, feeling, or action that is sent from the source to the receiver with the use of symbols
Can be verbal, nonverbal, intentional, and unintentional
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7. Communication Process... Encoding
The process of putting thoughts, ideas, or feelings into meaningful symbols that another person can understand.
Most familiar with concept of words
Rely on frame of reference to choose appropriate symbol
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8. Communication Process... Decoding
The process of interpreting or attaching meaning to another person’s message
People decode messages differently based on their frame of reference
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9. Communication Process... Channel
The vehicle by which the message is communicated from the source to the receiver
Various types of media
TV, radio, movies, newspapers, social networking sites
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10. Communication Process... Feedback
The receiver’s response to the sender’s message
It provides information about the way the message is being interpreted
As senders, we sometimes have difficulty interpreting feedback
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11. Communication Process... Context
Context – The conditions surrounding communication with others.
Physical Setting – Where and when the communication occurs. Location, seating arrangement, time of day, room size, and lighting all affect the process.
Psychological Climate – The attitudes and feelings we have about ourselves and the other people involved in the communication.
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12. Communication Process... Noise / Interference
Noise and Interference – Any intended or unintended stimulus that affects the fidelity of a sender’s message.
External Noise – Includes sounds or visual stimuli that draw our attention away from the intended message.
Internal Noise – Includes our own thoughts or feelings that prevent us from processing the sender’s message.
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13. Functions of Communication
Creates and maintains a sense of identity
Creates communities
Forms and strengthens relationships
Ability to influence/persuade
Conveys and creates information
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14. Types of Communication … Intrapersonal
Communication with ourselves.
It is an ongoing process involving evaluation of ourselves and relationships with others, problem solving, and planning for the future.
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15. Types of Communication … Interpersonal
The informal exchange that occurs between two or more people.
It usually occurs between two people or in small groups.
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16. Types of Communication … Interpersonal
Informal exchange that occurs between two or more people
Dyadic is the interaction between two people.
Small group includes interactions with three to eight people.
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17. Types of Communication … Small Group
Less intimate than dyadic and less formal than public speaking
Can be informal discussion or problem-solving group or committee
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18. Types of Communication … Public
Involves an individual sharing of information with a large group.
The situation is usually a speaker presenting ideas to an audience.
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19. Understanding Difference, Diversity, and Communication
Everyone’s frame of reference is unique and thus makes us different from one another.
We need to value the differences and strive to understand each person.
Understanding leads to a greater understanding and more effective communication.
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20. Communication and Technology
We can enhance our relationships and communication with the use of technology....
However, we need to be careful how and when we decide to use it.
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