End of Civil War and Reconstruction

Lincoln’s Assassination April 15th 1865 John Wilkes Booth Plot to bring down Union Government Johnson becomes President

Economy North: South: Industrial Boom in North continued Land Grant College Act and Higher Tariffs Industrialization during the war helped the US to emerge as a economic world power South: Had to rebuild- what little industry and railroads they had were ruined Relied on Northern Investment LGCA- gave money to states for sale of public land in the west War economy= economic boom= world economic power which will catapult us into a military power

Society and Politics Former confederacy left in shambles- including their social structure Freedmen- had hope for the future Federal Authority End of sectionalism? Had to completely rebuild their economy, was based on free labor, now had to find a different way to make money, social structure based off of owning land and growing cotton- now a lot of people had lost that had to recreate it in a legal way. Freedman- hope- no longer slaves but now what? Federal authority is now dominant over state authority- from this point in history onward

Now What? Who will run Reconstruction- Executive or Legislative- does the Constitution say? 3 main questions: How will southern states rejoin the Union? How will the southern economy be rebuilt? What rights will African Americans have?

Lincoln’s Plan 10% plan- 1863, 10% of state voters had to take a loyalty oath to the Union Abolish slavery and provide education for freedmen Was rejected by congress Compensation to white southerners for loss of property No guarantee of equality for African Americans- did propose to send them back to Africa

Johnson’s Plan Each state must ratify the 13th amendment, and draft a constitution abolishing slavery Pardons and restoration of land to any confederate who swore allegiance to the Union States right to not allow African Americans into government Southerners began to try and restore their way of life- Black Codes Johnson does not like the radical republicans!!!! Black codes- created by the south to control the large freedman population, based off of lave codes- replaced the word slave with black/freedman and owner with employer Johnson will eventually be impeached- does not pass becomes “lame duck”

Congress (Radical Republican) Plan Response to southerners trying to take control- Civil Rights Act of 1866 Congress Had a 2/3 Majority of Radical Republicans- could overturn a Presidential Veto Wade-Davis Bill- at least 50% of voters must pledge an oath Re-allocation of land and education of Freedmen (see next slide) Civil right act of 1866- federal guarantee of civil rights, Andrew Johnson’s impeachment trial

Radical Reconstruction Legislation Freedman’s Bureau Acts, 1865-66 Civil Rights Act of 1866 Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 14th Amendment, 1868 15th Amendment, 1870 Freedmans bureau- government agency to provide services to freedmen like education and job placement Civil rights act of 1866- grants citizenship and outlaws black codes (hard to enforce- black codes will morph into Jim Crow laws) Military- divides remaining sates into 5 military districts under martial law(union military controlling the south- worked while the military was there to ensure