1. RECONSTRUCTION VISUAL VOCABULARY

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
SS.912.A.2.4 Distinguish the freedoms guaranteed to African Americans and other groups with the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the Constitution.
SS.912.A.2.5 Assess how Jim Crow Laws influenced life for African Americans and other racial/ethnic minority groups.
SS.912.A.2.6 Compare the effects of the Black Codes and the Nadir on freed people, and analyze the sharecropping system and debt peonage as practiced in the United States.

3. Reconstruction
The period in United States history following the Civil War in which the federal government set the conditions that would allow the Southern states back into the Union.

4. Freedmen
A person who had been freed from slavery.

5. Amnesty
A political pardon for former confederates

6. Ten Percent Plan
Lincoln’s proposal for reconstruction that suggested that a southern state could be readmitted into the Union once 10% of its voters swore an oath of allegiance to the Union.

7. Wade-Davis Bill Bill passed by the Radical Republicans
Required 50% to take Oath of Allegiance
Disqualified Confederate officials from holding office

8. Reconstruction Act of 1867
Act passed by Congress that divided the South (except Tennessee) into five military districts in which the authority of the army commander was supreme.

9. Citizenship The status of being a citizen
If you have citizenship in a country, you have the right to live there, work, and vote.

10. 14th Amendment
Gives full citizenship to all born in the United States and equal protection under the law.

11. 15th Amendment
Prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude."

12. Segregation
Setting someone or something apart from other people or things

13. Impeachment
A formal accusation of wrongdoing against a public official.

14. Sharecropping
A system of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops.

15. Freedmen’s Bureau
A U.S. federal government agency established in 1865 to aid freedmen (freed slaves) in the South
Field Order 15: Forty acres and a mule

16. Black Codes
Laws passed by Southern states in and 1866, after the Civil War.
These laws had the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans' freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt.

17. Civil Rights Bill of 1866
Congressional attempt to guarantee black rights
Johnson vetoed.
Made all people born in the U.S., regardless of former condition of slavery, citizens (with the exception of Indians).
Gave same legal rights of suing, providing testimony, owning/leasing/selling/inheriting property to blacks.

18. Jim Crow Laws
Statutes enacted by Southern states and municipalities, beginning in the 1880s, that legalized segregation between blacks and whites.