the explosive 1960s An era of social change Std. 24

Latinos Seek Equalilty Cesar Chavez (1927-1993) The Farm Worker movement Son of migrant farm workers Espoused a message of social justice Becomes a labor organizer for Latino’s Latino’s working in the grape vineyards of CA Vineyard workers refused to recognize his union and United Farm Worker’s Organizing Committee 1965 - Chavez launched a nation-wide boycott of CA companies’ grapes Went on a three-week fast Efforts pay off when companies accept the union as the bargaining group for farm workers.

1960s Environmentalist Movement Begins Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring Read Excerpt A book that literally changed America Leads to the establishment of Earth Day – April 22, 1970 Nixon established the Environmental Protection Agency – 1970 All leads to the current environmentalist movement.

1960s Women’s Movement Conservatives vs. Feminists Phyllis Schlafly vs 1960s Women’s Movement Conservatives vs. Feminists Phyllis Schlafly vs. Betty Friedan Phyllis Schlafly Betty Friedan

The Women’s Movement – 1960s - Schlafly Schlafly led a pro-family movement that was successful in defeating the Equal Rights Amendment. An articulate and successful opponent of the radical feminist movement, Phyllis Schlafly appears in debate on college campuses more frequently than any other conservative. Phyllis Schlafly was named one of the 100 most important women of the 20th century by the Ladies' Home Journal. “Feminism is doomed to failure because it is based on an attempt to repeal and restructure human nature” – famous quote from one of her books.

The Women’s Movement – 1960s – Betty Friedan The Feminine Mystique by Betty Friedan sparked a national debate about women's roles and in time was recognized as one of the central works of the modern women's movement. Friedan conducted a survey of women that found many women were unhappy and did not know why. No one will publish her results. So, she writes a book. In the book, Friedan defined women's unhappiness as ‘‘the problem that has no name,’’ then she listed suspected causes. She said society has idealized image of women that she calls the feminine mystique. Women have been encouraged to confine themselves to the narrow roles of housewife and mother, forsaking education and career aspirations in the process. This thinking denies women the opportunity to develop their own identities, which can ultimately lead to problems for women and their families.

(The National Organization of Women) The Creation of NOW - 1966 (The National Organization of Women) Established by Betty Friedan and 27 Other Women Goals: Promoted creation of child-care centers to mothers could work and get an education Pushed the EEOC (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission) to enforce the ban on gender discrimination in the workplace Radical women’s groups begin to form Stage demonstrations at which they burn bras and girdles in a “freedom” garbage can

Women’s Movement - Continued Gloria Steinem founded Ms. Magazine in 1972 and women began referring to themselves as Ms. Instead of Miss or Mrs. NOW took a controversial stance and supported abortions for women. In 1973, the Supreme Court ruled in Roe v. Wade that women do have a right to choose an abortion within the first 3 months of their pregnancy This issue still divides Americans today.

1960s culture and counterculture

The Counterculture Movement Counterculture – tired of the Vietnam war and the injustices of the 1960s – turned their back on mainstream society and tried to start a new society based on peace and love. Haight-Ashbury in San Francisco became the unofficial hippie capital mainly because CA did not outlaw hallucinogenic drugs until 1966. Woodstock Music Festival Poster Aug 1969 400,000 People

Changing Culture Hippie Culture Develops The Beatles Arrived in America in 1964 Rock ‘N Roll is Here to Stay! Hippie Culture Develops “Tune in, turn on, drop out” – Timothy Leary “Do your own thing” Hippie Era was known for: Rock ‘N Roll Music Outrageous Clothing Illegal Drugs – especially LSD Free Love

The Counterculture Falls Apart The lifestyle of drugs and no jobs catches up with the movement. By the 1970s, many were victims of their drug use. Many had mental breakdowns. Rock Singers like Janis Joplin and Jimmy Hendrix both died of a drug overdose. Thousands line up for welfare and food stamps having become dependent on the very societal programs they once protested.

Conservatism There was an angry backlash by the “Silent Majority” who saw the counterculture as a group that had abandoned all rational thought. The 1970s will see a return to more conservative government policies and a more conservative society. This new conservatism propels Richard Nixon into office.