1. An Era of Protest and Change
Chapter 30

2. Closure Question #1: What assumptions about mainstream culture were made by the counterculture? (At least 1 sentence)
Generation Gap
A lack of understanding and communication between an older and younger generation. The values and beliefs held by Baby Boomers were drastically different from the traditional values and beliefs held by their Greatest Generation parents regarding dress, music, sexuality, drug usage, and politics.

3. Review Question #23
“Baby Boomers” and the “Greatest Generation” disagreed on many issues. Name one.

4. The Beatles / Communes
The Beatles – British rock band and the most popular musical group of the 1960s, The Beatles came to represent the counterculture.
Communes – Small communities in which the people have common interest and share resources; During the late 1960s and early 1970s many hippies chose to live together in communes.

5. There were four original members of the Beatles. Name one.
Review Question #24
There were four original members of the Beatles. Name one.

6. Haight-Ashbury / Timothy Leary
Closure Question #2: Explain whether you agree with the following statement: “The counterculture was a form of protest.” (At least 1 sentence)
Haight-Ashbury / Timothy Leary
Haight-Ashbury – District of San Francisco which became the epicenter of the counterculture, attracting thousands of hippies who experimented with drugs, wore unconventional clothing, and listened to rock music and speeches by political radicals.
Timothy Leary – A former Harvard researcher, Leary preached that drugs could free the mind, and he encouraged American youths to “tune in”, “turn on” to drugs, and “drop out” of mainstream society.

7. Review Question #25
The communal settlement of Haight- Ashbury was located in what major American city?

8. Feminism / Betty Friedan
Closure Question #1: Why did so much time elapse between the first and second waves of feminism? (At least 1 reason and 1 sentence)
Feminism / Betty Friedan
Feminism – The theory of political, social, and economic equality of men and women.
Betty Friedan – Author of The Feminine Mystique in 1963, which was the most influential literary work in the Feminist movement.

9. Review Question #26
The goal of the Women’s Rights Movement in the 1910’s was to help women gain what type of rights?

10. N.O.W. / E.R.A.
N.O.W. (National Organization for Women) – Established by Betty Friedan, this organization dedicated itself to winning “true equality for all women” and to attaining a “full and equal partnership of the sexes”.
E.R.A. (Equal Rights Amendment) – Created in the 1920s, the ERA was a proposed amendment to the Constitution that would guarantee gender equality under the law. The ERA and protecting women’s abortion rights were the two major priorities of the ERA.

11. What does the acronym N.O.W. stand for? N___________ O___________ for
Review Question #27
What does the acronym N.O.W. stand for?
N___________
O___________ for
W___________

12. Closure Question #2: What beliefs led women to support the women’s movement? What beliefs led women to oppose it? (At least 2 sentences)
Gloria Steinem
The most famous feminist leader of the 1970s; Steinem worked as a freelance writer, trying to change public perception of women through the mass media. In 1972, she helped co-found Ms., a feminist magazine.

13. Review Question #28
Gloria Steinem first gained public notoriety for her article exploiting the derogatory treatment of women who posed for shots in what magazine?

14. Closure Question #2: What beliefs led women to support the women’s movement? What beliefs led women to oppose it? (At least 2 sentences)
Phyllis Schlafly
Conservative political activist who argued that the women’s liberation movement was an attack on the family, marriage, and children. Schlafly worked hard to defeat the ERA, which fell 3 states short of becoming a constitutional amendment.

15. Review Question #29
Fill in the Blank: Phyllis Schlafly said that people who disagreed with the idea that women were made to be mothers should complain to ________.

16. Roe v. Wade (1973)
Controversial Supreme Court decision which assured women the right to legal abortion.

17. Review Question #30
The controversial Roe v. Wade Supreme Court ruling was made in what year?

18. Cesar Chavez
The most influential Latino activist in the 1960s and 1970s; Chavez fought for the rights of farm laborers in the Southwest, organizing the UFW to lead laborers in striking against unfair treatment.

19. Review Question #31
In what region of the United States did Cesar Chavez focus his efforts to improve the treatment of migrant farm workers?

20. Migrant Farm Workers / United Farm Workers
Migrant Farm Workers – Laborers who travel from farm to farm – and often from state to state – to pick fruits and vegetables. The majority of migrant farm workers in the United States are Latinos.
United Farm Workers – Union organized by Cesar Chavez in the late 1960s which used nonviolent protest and strikes to improve the treatment of migrant farm workers. Most famously, in the early 1970s the UFW went on strike against California grape growers and sparked a nationwide boycott of California grapes. In 1975, California’s government responded by enacting laws requiring growers to negotiate with UFW representatives.

21. Review Question #32
The United Farm Workers organized a successful strike and boycott against the growers of what type of fruit in California?

22. Chicano Movement
Mexican American social and political effort begun in the 1960s dedicated to increasing Latinos’ awareness of their history and culture, reducing poverty and discrimination, and supporting the election of Latino politicians.

23. American Indian Movement
Activist group established in 1968 to help Indians living in inner-city ghettos. Eventually, AIM played an active role in securing land, legal rights, and self-government for Native Americans.

24. Japanese American Citizens League
Organization founded in 1929 to protect Japanese Americans’ civil rights. The JACL worked for decades to receive government compensation for property lost by Japanese Americans interned in camps during World War II.

25. Ralph Nader
Leader of the consumer rights movement during the 1960s and 1970s; A lawyer, Nader investigated American automakers and discovered that flawed car designs led to increased traffic accidents and deaths. The publishing of his findings in Unsafe at Any Speed (1965) led Congress to enact legislation regulating safety features for all automobiles, including making seat belts standard equipment.

26. Toxic Waste
Poisonous byproduct of human activity; In 1962, biologist Rachel Carson’s book Silent Spring described the deadly impact that pesticides, acid rain, and other toxic wastes were having on birds and other animals. Carson’s book sparked the environmental movement.

27. Earth Day
(April 22, 1970) Nationwide protest against human caused pollution involving 20 million Americans. The protest eventually developed into an annual government-sponsored conservation event.

28. Environmental Protection Agency
Created by Congress in 1970, the agency’s mission is to protect the “entire ecological chain” by cleaning up and protecting the environment.

29. Clean Air Act / Clean Water Act / Endangered Species Act
Clean Air Act (1970) – Law aimed at reducing air pollution by limiting the emissions from factories and automobiles.
Clean Water Act (1973) – Law which limits the pollution of water by industry and agriculture.
Endangered Species Act (1973) – Law which promotes the protection of endangered animals and plants.

30. Endangered Species Act