Verbals The term verbal indicates that a participle, like the other two kinds of verbals, is based on a verb and therefore expresses action or a state of being In this presentation, the three types of verbals are discussed: gerunds, participles, and infinitives.

Participle A participle is a verbal that is used as an adjective and most often ends in -ing or -ed. I’m having an identity crisis. Verb

Examples: The rapidly developing storm kept small boats in port. The pleased student smiled at the teacher.

Present Participles Present participles are formed by adding –ing to the plain form of the verb. Example: The laughing student grinned like a Cheshire cat.

Past Participles Past participles are formed by adding either –ed, -d-, -t, -en, or –n to the plain form of the verb. Others may be formed as irregular verbs. Ellie, my dachshund, had a bewildered look on her face when the water from the nozzle in her bathtub suddenly turned cold.

Participles: Examples 1. Delores noticed her cousin walking along the shoreline. 2. Removing his coat, Jack rushed to the river. 3. Children introduced to music early develop strong intellectual skills.

Gerunds Jog jogging A gerund is a verb form used as a noun. The gerund can be formed by adding –ing to the present tense of the verb: Jog jogging Ex. Jogging at night without reflective gear can be dangerous.

Gerunds Points to remember: 1. A gerund is a verbal ending in -ing that is used as a noun. 2. A gerund phrase consists of a gerund plus modifier(s), object(s), and/or complement(s). 3. Gerunds and gerund phrases virtually never require punctuation.

**Remember: A participle is a verb form that Gerunds can be used as: A subject: Jogging is a popular form of exercise. A direct object: My sister enjoys jogging. Enjoys what? jogging An object of the preposition: These shoes are made for jogging. participle jogging shoes **Remember: A participle is a verb form that describes a noun.**

Infinitive: An infinitive is a verbal that appears after the word to. The “to” before the verb is called “The sign of the infinitive.” to run to see to hear TO

The word “to” is a preposition when it is followed by a noun or pronoun that is its object. I need a ride to the game. We went to Jeff’s party. prepositions

Infinitives: Examples 1. To wait seemed foolish when decisive action was required. (subject) Everyone wanted to go. (direct object) His ambition is to fly. (subject complement) He lacked the strength to resist. (adjective) 5. We must study to learn. (adverb)