1. Verbals

2. Infinitives Are created by using the word “to” + a verb. To run.
To walk.
To whip.
To nene.
It functions as a noun in the sentence.

3. Infinitive Phrases
Are a group of words that includes an infinitive and other words that complete its meaning.
To whip my hair back and forth is my best dance move.
I like to eat pineapple pizza.

4. Participles These guys look like verbs but function as adjectives.
Present participles are formed by adding “ing” to the verb
Past participles are formed by adding
“ed” to the verb

5. Participles The player has kicked the ball very far.
KICKED is the main verb of the sentence in the verb phrase HAS KICKED

6. Participles The kicked ball soared through the air like a bird.
KICKED is an adjective describing BALL.

7. Participial Phrases
Are a group of words that includes a participle and other words that complete its meaning.
A participial phrase at the beginning of a sentence is ALWAYS set off with a COMMA.

8. Participial Phrases
If a participial phrase simply give additional information about the modified word, set it off with COMMAS.
Participial phrases can appear before or after the word it describes. Place the phrase as close as possible to the modified word.

9. Participial Phrases
Cheering for the home team, the fans were on their feet.
CHEERING FOR THE HOME TEAM is a participial phrase describing fans

10. Participial Phrases
The ball kicked by Donnell soared into the goal with ease.
KICKED BY DONNELL is a participial phrase describing ball

11. Participial Phrases The player kicking the ball is Donnell.
KICKING THE BALL is a participial phrase describing player
The participial phrase, KICKING THE BALL, is needed information and does NOT need commas!

12. Participial Phrases Donnell, kicking the ball, scored the final point.
KICKING THE BALL is a participial phrase describing Donnell
Commas ARE needed because the sentence would still make sense without the phrase!

13. Gerunds
Are a verb form that ends in –ing and is used as a noun in a sentence.
Like other nouns, GERUNDS can serve as the simple subject, direct object or the object of the preposition in a sentence.

14. Gerund Phrases
Are a group of words that includes a GERUND and other words that complete its meaning.
Remember, a GERUND ends in –ing!

15. Gerunds Blocking requires a lot of strength.
BLOCKING is the GERUND and is also the SIMPLE SUBJECT of the sentence.

16. Gerunds The athletes enjoy exercising to stay in better shape.
EXERCISING is the GERUND and is also the DIRECT OBJECT of the sentence.

17. Gerunds They maintain their endurance throughout the year by running.
RUNNING is the GERUND and is also the OBJECT of the PREPOSITION in the sentence.

18. Gerund Phrases Kicking the ball takes skill and practice.
KICKING THE BALL is the GERUND PHRASE and is also the SUBJECT of the sentence.

19. Gerund Phrases A team tries scoring a touchdown.
SCORING A TOUCHDOWN is the GERUND PHRASE and is also the DIRECT OBJECT of the sentence.

20. Gerund Phrases A touchdown results from
moving the ball across the goal line.
MOVING THE BALL ACROSS THE GOAL LINE is the GERUND PHRASE and is also the OBJECT of the PREPOSITION in the sentence.