1. Participial & Gerund Phrases
English II

2. Participles & Participial Phrases
A participle is a verb “functioning” like an adjective
A participial phrase begins with a participle and the words that follow
Present participles end in “-ing”
Past participles end in “-ed”
Examples:
The crying baby had a wet diaper. (crying = participle)
Sitting up in bed, the man ate his breakfast. (sitting up in bed = participial phrase)
Her hair, braided and wrapped around her head, made a crown. (braided and wrapped around her head = participial phrase)

3. Example Original Sentence:
Sarah was blinded by the light when she walked into the concert hall. (Here the verb is functioning like a verb)
Sentence with a participle:
The blinding light blocked Sarah’s vision in the concert hall. (Here the verb is functioning like an adjective)
Sentence with a participial phrase:
Blinded by the light, Sarah walked into the concert hall. (Here the verb is functioning like an adjective as a phrase)

4. Apply It! We just saw Amber. The captain walked across the deck.
Using a participial phrase, describe what else could have happened in each sentence below. You can add it to the beginning of the sentence, in the middle, or the end!
We just saw Amber.
The captain walked across the deck.
The president smiled and waved at the crowd.

5. Helpful Hints
Remember that you can add a participial phrase to the beginning of a sentence, the middle, or the end
It must be attached to a clause (sentence)
Look for the “-ing” or “-ed” verb (participle) that is functioning like an adjective!!

6. Gerunds & Gerund Phrases
A gerund is a verb ending in –ing and functions as a noun
A gerund phrase begins with a gerund and the words that follow
Examples:
Running is a good way to stay in shape. (running = gerund)
Running up stairs is a good way to stay in shape. (running up stairs = gerund phrase)
In the summer, my brother enjoys working as a lifeguard. (working as a lifeguard = gerund phrase)

7. Example Original Sentence:
Mr. Smith jogs to work almost every day. (Here the verb is functioning like a verb)
Sentence with a gerund:
Mr. Smith enjoys jogging almost every day.
(Here the verb is functioning like a noun)
Sentence with a gerund phrase:
Mr. Smith enjoys jogging to work almost every day. (Here the verb is functioning like a noun in a phrase)

8. Apply It!
Use these gerunds in a sentence:
writing
traveling
sleeping

9. Helpful Hints
A gerund is a verb ending in -ing that is used as a noun.
A gerund phrase consists of a gerund plus modifier(s), object(s), and/or complement(s)
Gerunds and gerund phrases virtually never require punctuation

10. Vocab Review
Complete the Unit 4-6 Review on pg. 81 using your workbook as a resource.
We will go over these together.

11. PARTICIPLES & PARTICIPIAL PHRASES
More Resources
PARTICIPLES & PARTICIPIAL PHRASES
GERUNDS &
GERUND PHRASES
Participles & Participial Phrases on OWL at Purdue
Gerunds and Gerund Phrases on OWL at Purdue