1. Verbals

2. A participle is a verb form that is used as an adjective.
I’m having an identity crisis.
Verb

3. Examples:
The rapidly developing storm kept small boats in port.
The pleased student smiled at the teacher.

4. Present Participles
Present participles are formed by adding –ing to the plain form of the verb.
Example: The laughing student grinned like a Cheshire cat.

5. Past Participles
Past participles are formed by adding either –ed, -d-, -t, -en, or –n to the plain form of the verb. Others may be formed as irregular verbs.
Ellie, my dachshund, had a bewildered look on her face when the water from the nozzle in her bathtub suddenly turned cold.

6. Gerunds Jog jogging A gerund is a verb form used as a noun.
The gerund can be formed by adding –ing to the present tense of the verb:
Jog jogging
Jogging at night without reflective gear can be dangerous.

7. Identifying Gerunds As a subject: Answer- Running= gerund
“Running is good exercise”
Answer- Running= gerund
As the direct object
“Brandon likes drawing.”
Answer: Drawing= gerund
As subject complement
“My favorite activity is eating.”
Answer: Eating= gerund

8. Identifying Gerunds As the Predicate Nominative:
“The best thing about camp is sleeping.”
Answer: sleeping= gerund
As the object of the Preposition:
“She earns her living by writing.”
Answer: Writing= gerund

9. Identifying Gerund Phrases
Running away was a huge mistake.
Phrase:
My favorite pastime is reading books.
You might get in trouble for faking an illness to avoid school.

10. **Remember: A participle is a verb form that
Gerunds can be used as:
A subject:
Jogging is a popular form of exercise.
A direct object:
My sister enjoys jogging Enjoys what? jogging
An object of the preposition:
These shoes are made for jogging.
participle jogging shoes
**Remember: A participle is a verb form that
describes a noun.**

11. Infinitive Phrases
A verb form, or VERBAL, that almost always has the word “to” in front of it.
Used as a noun, adjective, or an adverb
Examples:
Lydia refused to help.
That was a day to remember.
The senator rose to speak.

12. Infinitive: An infinitive is a verbal that appears after the word to.
The “to” before the verb is called “The sign of the infinitive.”
to run
to see
to hear TO

13. The word “to” is a preposition when it is followed by a noun or pronoun that is its object.
I need a ride to the game We went to Jeff’s party.
prepositions