The Agricultural & Industrial Revolutions

Objective Questions What was the Agricultural Revolution? What were the effects of the Agricultural Revolution and how did this lead to the Industrial Revolution? Define the Industrial Revolution. Name and explain why England was the first country to industrialize.

How did people live in England prior to (before) the Industrial Revolution?

How did people live prior to the Industrial Revolution? In the 1600s small farms covered England Wealthy landowners bought the land once owned by small village farmers and the small village farmers become their tenants (short-term) Wealthy landowners enclosed their land; this is called the enclosure movement which had 2 results: Landowners tried new agricultural methods Large landowners forced many small farmers to move to the cities

What is the Agricultural Revolution? It was a movement in the 1700s when farmers improved the ways of farming; new innovations in farming

Inventions and Methods of the Agricultural Movement Crop rotation: grow a different crop each year-improved the health of crops and the amount of crops produced Invention Seed drill: increased the amount of crops

What was the effect of the Agricultural movement?

What was the effect of the Agricultural movement? Decrease in the need for farm workers in the long-term -Farmers in need of jobs and therefore labor is available -Farmers move to the cities Increase in food, living conditions and health Population increase which increases the need for goods

Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in England?

POLITICAL STABILITY

Why Was England the First to Industrialize? Manpower (labor) They had a large population The Agricultural Revolution led to the population boom

Why Was England the First to Industrialize? 2) Natural Resources (land) Waterpower and coal to fuel the new machines Iron ore to construct machines, tools and buildings Rivers for inland transportation Natural Harbors from which merchant ships set sail (boats that travel to another country to sell goods)

Why Was England the First to Industrialize? Iron ore

Why Was England the First to Industrialize? Coal

Why Was England the First to Industrialize? Harbor

Why Was England the First to Industrialize? Money (capital-wealth) a. Expanding economy with trading readily available b. Highly developed banking system c. Availability of bank loans that encouraged people to invest in new machines

Why Was England the First to Industrialize? Eli Whitney: I would really like to invent a new machine to produce more cotton. Banker: We have money that we can let you borrow. Eli Whitney: Money I can borrow? Banker: Yes! We call that a loan! Eli Whitney: WOW! I would love to borrow some money. Banker: No problem!

Why was England the First to Industrialize 4) Political Stability a. An isolated island nation, England participated in European wars of the 18th century and early 19th centuries but never on home ground b. They were allowed to industrialize without being interrupted by war

The Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution What was it? Refers to the greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England and then spread throughout the rest of Europe and North America during the 18th,19th and 20th century

The Industrial Revolution During this time Increase in businesses Increase in the amount of goods sold and bought Businesses invested in machines to produce more goods

The Effects of the Industrial Revolution Urbanization: The movement of people to cities and the building of cities Short-Term effects: a. Overcrowded cities: Increase in population b. Polluted cities c. unpaved and dirty streets d. no drains

The Effects of the Industrial Revolution Population of Birmingham, England (1801-1851)

Suburban Lifestyle/ Movin’ on Up -Long-Term effects: a. People moved from the cities to the suburbs b. Less pollution c. Cleaner streets and drains http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L09qnRfZY-k

The Effects of the Industrial Revolution Living conditions Short-term effects: a. no sanitary codes b. bad housing conditions c. lack of education and police protection

The Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution

The Effects of the Industrial Revolution Living Conditions Long Term Effects: Eventually organizations and people fought for better living conditions and these are the results: a. Healthier eating b. Better housing c. Higher education

The Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution

Child Labor

Child Labor

Child Labor

Child Labor

The Effects of the Industrial Revolution Working Conditions Short-term Effects: a. Low wages b. Dangerous and unsanitary working conditions c. Harsh bosses d. Child labor e. Long hours

The Industrial Revolution

Effects of the Industrial Revolution Labor Unions: a group of worker who bargain for higher wages and better working conditions The Combination Acts of 1799 and 1800 outlawed labor unions Many people still participated in strikes, and often faced imprisonment The Combination Acts were repealed

Working Conditions Working conditions: Labor unions helped the worker attain the following: Long-Term effects: a. Higher wages: Minimum wage laws b. Shorter hours c. Child labor laws d. Better working conditions

What did they do? How did the workers attempt to improve their working condition?

Laws Changed Laws passed: Factory Act: It was illegal to hire children under 9 years old; 9-12 years of age could not work more then 8 hours a day; from ages of 13-17 could not work more then 12 hours Mines Act: prevented women and children from working underground

Effects of the Industrial Revolution Social Effects: There was a shift in the social classes; the middle class was created Short-term effects: a. Factory workers overworked and underpaid b. Upper class resented those in middle class who became wealthier then they were -Long-term effects: Standard of living improved

Impact on Literature Artists and writers often criticized the IR, such as Charles Dickens He wrote: A Tale of Two Cities, and David Copperfield, and Oliver Twist

Additional Information The United States: Industrialization could not happen in the U.S. until the immigrant movement The first factory workers were women, and they worked in the textile industry When the civil war broke out in the U.S. over the issue of slavery the Europeans received their supply of cotton from India and Egypt