By: Elisha, Tyler, Ethan, & Zach Respiratory unit By: Elisha, Tyler, Ethan, & Zach

Respiratory system anatomy Diagram 1 2 1. Nasal Passage 2. Pharynx 3. Larynx 4. Trachea 5. Bronchial Tubes 6. Pleurae 7. Bronchioles 8. Alveoli 9. Diaphragm 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Respiratory system anatomy 1. Nasal Passage: The cavity on either side of the nasal septum, extending from the nares to the pharynx, and lying between the floor of the cranium and the roof of the mouth 2. Pharynx: “Throat” the tube or cavity that connects the mouth and nasal passages with the esophagus 3. Larynx: “Voice Box” a muscular and cartilaginous structure lined with mucous membrane at the upper part of the trachea, in which the vocal cords are located 4. Trachea: “Wind Pipe” the tube extending from the larynx to the bronchi, serving as the principal passage for conveying air to and from the lungs 5. Bronchial Tubes: tubes that carry air into the tiny branches and smaller cells of the lungs after this air has passed through the mouth, nasal passages, and trachea

Respiratory system anatomy Cont. 6. Pleurae: Double layer membrane on the outside of the lung 7. Bronchioles: a small branch of a bronchus 8. Alveoli: One-celled, thin walled cluster of air sacs at the end of the bronchiole tube 9. Diaphragm: The diaphragm is the chief muscle of inspiration, It forms the floor of the thoracic cavity and the roof of the abdominal cavity

Important terms Tachypnea: fast/rapid breathing Bradypnea: slow breathing Hypernea: excessive breathing Hypopnea: decreased breathing Apnea: no breathing Dyspnea: difficulty/painful breathing Aspiration: action of breathing in Inspiration: bringing air into the lungs Expiration: air being pushed out of the lungs Internal respiration: bringing oxygen to cell and removing CO2 External respiration: exchange of air between body and environment

Health concerns Etiology S/S TX Lung cancer caused by exposure to carcinogens, leading cause of death hemoptysis, dyspnea, weight loss, chest pain chemotherapry, radiation, surgery Asthma bronchial airway obstruction, difficulty breathing wheezing, coughing, difficulty breathing inhaler, avoid what started it Epistaxis nosebleed resulting from trauma bleeding from 1 or both nostrils, spiting out blood; tasting blood lean forward, gauze or nose plug, call 911 if it doesn’t stop Emphysema can’t exhale all air from lungs, affects smokers difficulty breathing, short of breath with slightest exertion no cure, inhaler, respiratory therapy, medications to make symptoms easier

Health concerns Cont. Etiology S/S TX Pleurisy inflammation of the pleura sharp stabbing pain while breathing, dyspnea, fever, grating sounds in lungs when breathing treat what caused it, medications for symptoms Pneumonia inflammation and infection of the lungs shortness of breath, fever, cough, chest pain, fatigue antibiotics, medications for symptoms, rest, fluids Hemoptysis coughing up blood from the lungs cough and blood comes out fix what caused it, seek immediate help, call 911 if it won’t stop Anthracosis black lung, coal dust in the lungs no early symptoms, coughing, chest pains, difficulty breathing NO cure