1. Respiratory System

2. Lungs and Air Passages Take in O2 Removing CO2 4-6 minute supply of 02 Must work continuously

3. Nose 2 nostrils or nares Nasal septum

4. Nasal Cavities Lined with mucous membrane Rich blood supply Mucous traps pathogens and dirt Cilia Olfactory sensors Nasolacrimal ducts

5. Hollow air-containing spaces Cavities in skull around nasal area Lined with mucous membrane Provides resonance for the voice

6. Nasopharynx – Contains pharyngeal tonsils or adenoids and eustachian tube openings Oropharynx – Middle section behind oral cavity – Palatine tonsils – Food and air Laryngopharynx – Bottom section – Branches into trachea and esophagus

7. Epiglottis Larynx Trachea

8. Bronchi-two divisions of the trachea near the center of the chest Each enters a lung Continues to divide into smaller bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli Erythrocytes Lungs Diaphragm

9. Pathway of Air

10. Ventilation Process of breathing Respiration – Diaphragm – Intercostal muscles Two phases – Inspiration – Expiration

12. Respiration Inspiration + Expiration = Respiration Controlled by respiratory center in the medulla oblongata Vital Sign – 12-20 breaths/min. – Chest rise and fall

13. Abnormal Breathing Dysp/nea Ap/nea Tach/yp/nea Brad/yp/nea Orth/op/nea Cyanosis

14. Respiratory Suffixes -emacondition -osmiasmell -pneabreathing -ptysisspitting -sphyxiapulse -thoraxchest, plural cavity

15. Disorders Asthma – Sensitivity to allergen Symptoms – Dyspnea & wheezing – Coughing – Tightness in chest Triggers Treatment

16. Disorders Chronic Bronchitis Etiological factors – Smoking – Infection Symptoms – Excessive mucous – Wheezing & dyspnea – Chest pain – Prolonged expiration of air Treatment – Antibiotics – Bronchodilators – Respiratory Therapy – No cure

17. Disorders COPD Any chronic lung disease that results in obstruction of the airways Smoking is primary cause; allergies and chronic respiration infections are also factors

18. Disorders Emphysema Hyperinflation of air sacs Walls of alveoli deteriorate and lose elasticity – CO2 is trapped – Poor exchange of gases Causes – Heavy smoking – Prolonged exposure to air pollutants

19. Disorders Epistaxis (nosebleed) Occurs when capillaries become congested Causes – Irritation of mucous membranes (allergies) – Trauma – Vitamin K deficiency – Clotting abnormalities – Hypertension – Dehydration

20. Disorders Laryngitis Inflammation of larynx and vocal cords Frequently occurs with other respiratory infections Symptoms – Hoarseness or loss of voice – Sore throat – Dysphasia (difficulty swallowing)

21. Disorders Pleurisy Inflammation of pleura or membranes of the lungs Usually occurs with pneumonia or other infections Symptoms – Sharp stabbing pain while breathing – Capitation or grating sounds in lungs – Dyspnea and fever

22. Disorders Pneumonia Inflammation and infection of the alveoli with a build up of fluid or exudates Usually caused by a bacteria, virus or chemicals Symptoms – Chills – Fever – Chest pain – Productive cough – Dyspnea – Fatigue

23. Disorders Tuberculosis Infectious disease of the lung caused by the bacterium Myobacterium tuberculosis “TB” WBC surround invading TB organisms, wall them off creating a nodule “tubercle” – Organisms remain dormant – Can cause an active case later is the body’s resistance is lowered Symptoms – Fatigue, chest pain, fever, night sweats, wt. loss – Hemoptysis (coughing up blood-tinged sputum)