1. Respiratory System
Structures
Gas Exchange
Diseases

2. The Respiratory System

3. The Respiratory System
You breath in and out 15 times per minute
With physical activity breathing increases. Why??
On average the lungs move L of air in and out of the lungs each day
Responsible for providing O2 to the cells and removing CO2 from the body
Works in conjunction with the circulatory system

4. The Respiratory System
Made up of the:
Nose (Nasal Cavity)
Mouth
Pharynx (Throat)
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Lung
Bronchioles
Alveoli

5. The Adams Apple!!
Larynx: The larynx is the portion of the respiratory tract containing the vocal cords which produce vocal sound.
It is located between the pharynx and the trachea.
The Adams apple is cartilage surrounding the larynx to protect it

6. The Adams Apple
You can find your larynx by touching the front of your throat and humming
When the larynx grows larger during puberty, it sticks out at the front of the throat. This is what's called an Adam's apple.
During puberty, but a girl's larynx doesn't grow as much as a boy's. That’s why boys generally have a more prominent Adams Apple.

7. The Respiratory System
Air Enters through the nose and mouth
Passes through the pharynx (throat)
Down the trachea
Splits evenly into the 2 bronchi
Splits into bronchioles
Enters the Alveoli

8. The Trachea
The trachea (windpipe) is supported by rings of cartilage (connective tissue)
Gives it a rigid feel (try it!)
Keeps it open
Splits into two bronchi

9. Gas Exchange Main purpose of the respiratory system
Each bronchi branches until it ends in tiny air sacs called alveolus where gas exchange occurs
At the lungs, O2 enters the blood stream and CO2 leaves

10. Each alveolus have very thin walls and are surrounded by capillaries
In the alveoli O2 enters the blood stream and CO2 leaves

11. Breathing
The process of moving air into (inhalation) and out of the lungs (exhalation)
Involves muscles which move the rib cage and a large sheet of muscle called the diaphragm
Controlled by the amount of CO2 in the blood

12. Other Animals
Many animals have similar respiratory systems whose goal is to make O2 available and rid the body of CO2
Fish use gills for gas exchange
The capillaries inside the gills remove the O2 from the water
That is why some fish need to be continually swimming to survive
Fish Gas Exchange

13. Diseases of the Respiratory System
Tuberculosis (TB)
Infectious disease (easily passed between people)
Causes by bacteria entering your lungs
Symptoms include: fever, cough, weight loss, tiredness and chest pain
Can be fatal if not treated
Can be diagnosed with an
x-ray

14. Asthma
Asthma Attack
Severe allergic reaction characterized by the constriction of bronchioles
Less air sent to alveoli

15. Emphysema
Condition in which the alveoli walls deteriorate, causing the lungs to lose their gas exchange ability
Can be caused by smoking

16. Pneumonia
Condition in which the alveoli become filled with fluid, preventing the exchange of gases

17. Other Diseases of the Respiratory System
 Bronchitis
Inflammation of the lining of the bronchioles (branch of bronchi)
Lung cancer
Irregular & uncontrolled growth of tumors in the lung tissue

18. Respiratory System Structural Review

19. Connecting the Respiratory System, the Circulatory System and the rest of the body
Oxygen Transport from Lungs to Cells