1. Respiratory System

2. Lesson 6 vocabulary
trachea – the tube through which air moves from your throat to your chest; the windpipe
bronchial tubes – two branches of the trachea, which go into the lungs
alveoli – small, hollow air sacs inside your lungs

3. inhalation – is the process in which the air enters the lungs
exhalation – is the process in which the air leaves the lungs
breathing – moving air in and out of the lungs
diaphragm – is a muscle that separates the chest from the abdomen, helps to also force air out of the lungs

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6. 1. Lesson 6 notes
1. Organs that help you breathe make up the respiratory system – draws air into your lungs, takes oxygen from the air for your body to use, helps remove carbon dioxide

7. 2. How does air travel to your lungs
a. Air comes into your body through your nose and mouth
b. It then enters your throat (pharynx) to your voice box (larynx)
c. From this point it moves through a pipe called the trachea, or windpipe
d. The trachea is divided at the end into 2 branches called bronchial tubes or bronchi

8. f. In the lungs (sponge like)
e. Air moves into your lungs through these tubes, which branch into smaller tubes (bronchioles), which lead to tiny air sacs called alveoli
f. In the lungs (sponge like)
i. Air you breathe in fills up the alveoli
ii. Oxygen passes from the alveoli into the capillaries
iii. RBC in the capillaries pick up the oxygen
iv. Your blood takes the oxygen to the rest of your cells

9. g. Deoxygenated blood
i. Blood delivers oxygen and picks up carbon dioxide given off by your cells
ii. Carbon dioxide moves through the body to the capillaries in the alveoli and into the lungs
iii. It then leaves the body when you breathe out

10. 3. The breathing process
a. Breathing – moving air in and out of the lungs
b. Breathing involves both inhalation and exhalation
c. Inhalation – is the process in which the air enters the lungs
d. Exhalation – is the process in which the air leaves the lungs
e. Inhalation occurs when the diaphragm contracts and the rib cage expands
f. Diaphragm – is a muscle that separates the chest from the abdomen, helps to also force air out of the lungs

11. 4. How does your body clean the air you breathe?
a. Hairs in your nose begin the cleaning by screening out some particles
b. Sticky mucus traps more
i. this lines your nasal passages and the walls of your trachea and bronchial tubes
ii. it may trap germs and other harmful matter... like pollen

12. c. Trachea and bronchial tubes have tiny hairs called cilia
i. Cilia wave quickly back and forth and push mucus that has trapped dirt and dust up toward your throat
d. When you swallow, much of the mucus passes into the digestive system

13. Fun facts about Breathing
At rest, most people breathe about 8-16 times a minute
An inhalation takes about 2 seconds; an exhalation about 3
Sneezing does not stop your heart!
It is a myth that if you sneeze with your eyes open, your eyeballs will pop out!
You can’t hold your breath till you die… your brain overrides your conscious control and forces your body to take a breath
Most people can hold their breath for a minute to a minute and a half, on average. World record is 9 minutes and 4 seconds, held by Austrian Herbert Nitsch.

14. Respiratory System Problems
Tuberculosis – a contagious infection that is caused by bacteria in the air – treated with antibiotics
Pneumonia – inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli become filled with a thick fluid – treated with rest, fluids and antibiotics… avoid contact with infected people
Bronchitis – inflammation of the bronchi (coughs up mucus) – treated with rest, aspirin, cough medicine and antibiotics… avoid contact with infected people and don’t smoke!

15. Asthma – an allergic response which causes the airways to contract and fill with mucus… caused by triggers such as pollen, dust, smoke, cold air, stress or exercise – treated with drugs and prevented by avoiding triggers
Emphysema – alveoli break and it is difficult to breathe – no cure, treated by medication and prevented by not smoking
Lung Cancer – destroys lung tissue (most common type of cancer) – treated with surgery and chemotherapy or radiation therapy and prevented by not smoking or being around those that do smoke. Also check home for Radon Gas in Pennsylvania!

16. Review Lesson 6
Describe the process of breathing using the following terms…
Inhale and exhale
Oxygen and carbon dioxide
Alveoli and capillaries
How do nose hairs, cilia and mucus help clean the air we breathe?

17. What is the gas exchange and where does it occur?
How are the Respiratory and Circulatory Systems related?
Name 3 disorders of the Respiratory system that are caused or related to smoking