Industrial Revolution Chapters 12 & 13 World History

INTRODUCTION Up until the 1700’s Europe was still in the agricultural revolution. People still survived by farming. 75% of the population farmed.

INTRODUCTION Life was hard. The average life span was 40 years of age. 1 in 3 died in the first year of birth. 1 in 2 people lived until the age of 21.

INTRODUCTION Most people lived in rural villages. They lived in cottages with dirt floors and sometimes shared these dwellings with their animals. The entire lifestyle revolved around agriculture and farming and agriculture.

DOMESTIC SYSTEM A labor system in which the entire families work to produce goods in their home. It was used in such industries as wool, ironworks, glass, and leatherworks.

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION In the 1700’s things will begin to change. The Industrial Revolution will begin in England (Great Britain).

REASONS INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION BEGINS IN ENGLAND Enclosure Act Allowed land owners to fence in their estates. This forced many small farmers to the cities. Improvements in agriculture New tools, crop rotation, use of fertilizers Capital England had a large middle class with money to invest and entrepreneurs would set up industries.

REASONS INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION BEGINS IN ENGLAND Natural Resources Iron, coal, harbors, river systems, eventually oil Labor Supply Markets in which to Ship Products

The Industrial Revolution will begin with the textile industry The Industrial Revolution will begin with the textile industry. This will create a great demand for cotton.

John Kay In 1733 he invented the “flying shuttle” which allowed for wider fabrics.

James Hargreaves In 1764 he invented the “spinning jenny” which would increase the spinning process.

Richard Arkwright In 1768 he invented the “water frame” which was a spinning machine powered by water.

Samuel Crompton In 1779 he invented the “cotton mule” which combined the best features of the water frame and the spinning jenny.

Edmund Cartwright In 1787 he invented the power loom which would speed up the weaving process.

Eli Whitney In 1793, he invented the cotton gin which increased the ability to provide raw cotton to the factory.

James Watt In 1781 he will be the Scottish mathematician who designed the steam engine. The steam engine will become the main energy source for the factories.

Henry Cort In 1783 he started using coal instead of wood to make a better grade of iron.

William Kelly & Henry Bessemer These two men came up with improved methods of producing steel.

Robert Fulton In 1807 he will develop the first steamboat. Fulton’s first steamboat was named Clermont.

Savannah The name of the steamboat that crossed the Atlantic Ocean in 27 days in 1819.

Richard Trevithick In 1804 he developed the first steam locomotive.

Gottlieb Daimler In 1887 he invented the gasoline internal-combustion engine.

Rudolf Diesel In 1887 he invented the oil-burning internal combustion engine.

Ferdinand von Zeppelin He improved the blimp and made it where it could carry passengers in 1892.

Wilbur & Orville Wright They had the first flight of a motorized airplane in 1903. The flight took place in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.

Samuel Morse He invented the telegraph in the 1830’s.

Guglielmo Marconi In 1895 he developed the wireless telegraph. This machine was later modified into the radio.

Alexander Graham Bell In 1876 he invented the telephone.

Michael Faraday He was a British chemist and physicist who discovered that by moving a magnet through a coil in a copper wire would produce an electric current. This would lead to the development of the electric motor in the 1870’s.

Thomas Edison In 1871 he would invent the phonograph and in 1879 invent the light bulb.