Cold War: World War 3??? US History Objectives: **Explain the growing tensions between the USA and USSR at the end of World War II **Identify the goals of Stalin’s foreign policy immediately after the war SOL – VUS.13 Timeline – 1945-1949 US History Cold War: World War 3???
The YALta Conference (February 1945) Allies meet: US, UK, USSR Discuss a post-WW2 world Big Three USA - Franklin Roosevelt UK – Winston Churchill USSR – Joseph Stalin
The United Nations Formed at end of WWII to prevent future global wars
Disagreements w/ USSR Soviets taking over E. Europe What to do w/ Germany?
The Geneva Convention (1945-1949) Create “rules of war” **outlines the treatment of POWs (Prisoners of War) & civilians during
The PotsDam Conference (July 1945) USSR Satellite nations **free elections in E. Europe are denied **USSR wants a buffer (barrier) between the West and Germany
Stalin Talks World War III (early 1946) Calls capitalist USA evil Angry that USA won’t share atomic bomb w/ USSR
The Iron Curtain Speech Winston Churchill Tells USA that they must stop USSR from dominating Europe “An Iron Curtain has descended over Europe” Winston Churchill (must know quote)
The Containment Policy (March 1946) USA will stop the spread of communism around the World – Europe
The Truman Doctrine (March 1946) USA will give aid to any country threatened by USSR and by communism
Post World War 2 Europe Infrastructure is destroyed Economic depression in Europe Communism gaining popularity
The Marshall Plan (1947-1948) USA gives $12.5 billion of aid to Western European countries to rebuild so countries will not become communist Country Millions in Aid Great Britain $329,700,000 France $229,000,000 West Germany $144,800,000 Italy $120,400,000 Netherlands $112,800,000 Belgium $77,700,000
The German Question (1948) Germany is divided between East and West Berlin is divided between East and West USSR wants total control of Berlin (city) USA controls West – USSR controls East
The Berlin Blockade (June 24, 1948 – May 12, 1949) Stalin blockades West Berlin **causes economic crisis **wants total control of Berlin
The Berlin Airlift (1948-1949) USA uses planes to drop food/supplies to Berlin people Defeats USSR blockade
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (established 1949) USA + W. Europe alliance vs. USSR Country USA Belgium Canada Denmark France Iceland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Portugal United Kingdom
The Warsaw Pact (established 1955) USSR + E. Europe alliance vs. USA Country Albania Bulgaria Czechoslovakia East Germany Hungary Poland Romania USSR
Civil War in China (1944-1947) Communist (Mao Zedong) vs. Nationalists (USA backed - $5 billion in aid)
Communist Takeover in China USA refuses to recognize Communist China Increased USA view that communist were winning