Energy Test Review Biology 1 Unit 5

Major Definitions Photosynthesis Chlorophyll Cellular Respiration Process by which a plant converts solar energy into chemical energy Chlorophyll Green pigment found in leaves of plants that absorbs light energy Cellular Respiration Process that converts chemical energy in nutrients into chemical energy in the form of ATP Fermentation Process of breaking down pyruvate/pyruvic acid in the absence of oxygen

Major Definitions Kreb’s Cycle Glycolysis Electron Transport Chain Process of breaking down pyruvate/pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide, water, and ATP Glycolysis Process of breaking down glucose into pyruvate/pyruvic acid and ATP Electron Transport Chain Series of chemical reactions ending with hydrogen combining with oxygen to produce water; each reaction produces ATP

Photosynthesis Write the overall equation for photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O –(light) C6H12O6 + 6O2 What is the source of oxygen produced in photosynthesis? Water molecules being split during the light reaction What are the products of photosynthesis? Glucose, oxygen Also makes ADP/NADP+ to be reused in the light reaction What is the ultimate source of energy for all living things on Earth? The sun

Photosynthesis Where is photosynthesis performed? Chloroplast of plant leaves During photosynthesis, what is the series of reactions to create glucose, or complex carbohydrates? Light-Independent Reaction, Dark Reaction or Calvin Cycle During photosynthesis, what can be produced from the products of the dark reaction? ATP and NADPH from ADP and NADP+

Cellular Respiration What are the reactants of cellular respiration? Glucose and oxygen What occurs during the glycolysis stage of cellular respiration? Glucose is broken down into pyruvate molecules or pyruvic acid What is produced when muscles are exercised extensively in the absence of oxygen? Lactic acid

Cellular Respiration What are the two stages of cellular respiration? Glycolysis then respiration, either aerobic or anaerobic In what organisms does alcoholic fermentation take place? Yeast and bacteria Where does glycolysis occur? cytoplasm Where does aerobic respiration occur? mitochondria

Cellular Respiration Name the stages of cellular respiration. Glycolysis then respiration Aerobic respiration  Kreb’s cycle and ETC Anaerobic respiration  lactic acid fermentation or alcohol fermentation The products of photosynthesis are the reactants of what? Cellular respiration What does the Kreb’s Cycle produce? Carbon dioxide, 2 ATP

Cellular Respiration Water is an end product of what part of cellular respiration? Electron Transport Chain Cellular respiration begins in the cytoplasm and ends in the ____. mitochondria What is the equation for cellular respiration? C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP

ATP/ADP How many phosphate groups make up ATP? three What is the biological importance of ATP? Energy carrier molecule. It stores energy When ATP loses its energy in a phosphate bond, what does it become? ADP What are the 3 parts of ATP? A nitrogenous base (adenine), sugar (ribose), and 3 phosphate groups

ATP/ADP When cells break down food molecules, what happens to the energy? It gets stored as ATP What does ATP stand for? Adenosine triphosphate How many ATP molecules are produced during cellular respiration? 34-36 ATP What happens when ATP releases a phosphate group? It releases the energy that was stored

Test 58 Total questions 55 multiple choice including some from other tests 3 short answer Experimental design problem General photosynthesis question Photosynthesis and cellular respiration relationship question