1. ATP, Cellular Respiration, and Photosynthesis
Test Review

2. What factors affect photosynthesis?
Temperature, light intensity, availability of water, Carbon dioxide levels

3. What is lactic fermentation?
Occurs in muscle cells after vigorous exercise when oxygen is not present, takes pyruvate & NADH from glycolysis and produces lactic acid & regenerates NAD+

4. What is alcoholic fermentation?
Occurs in yeast when oxygen is not present, takes pyruvate & NADH from glycolysis and produces alcohol, CO2, and regenerates NAD+

5. Which type of fermentation is used by the brewing and baking industries?
Alcoholic

6. Describe how the energy transformations involved in photosynthesis are related to energy transformations in cellular respiration.
Both include reactions that transform energy. The products of one are the reactants of the other. Light is captured in photosynthesis which stores energy in organic compounds to be used in the process of cellular respiration.

7. Which molecule in plant cells first captures radiant energy from sunlight?
chlorophyll

8. What energy transformation occurs in the chloroplast?
Light to chemical potential

9. What is ATP used for?
Cellular energy source, stores energy in phosphate bonds

10. What does aerobic mean?
With oxygen

11. What parts of cellular respiration happen under aerobic conditions?
Kreb’s & ETC

12. What does anaerobic mean?
Without oxygen

13. What parts of cellular respiration happen under anaerobic conditions?
Glycolysis & Fermentation*

14. Define photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and certain other organisms use the energy of light to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose.

15. Define glycolysis.
Breakdown of glucose inside the cell; “sugar breaking”. Process in which glucose is broken down in order to utilize potential energy stored in the molecule

16. What are the by-products of the Kreb’s cycle?
Carbon Dioxide

17. What is another name for the Kreb’s cycle?
Citric Acid Cycle

18. What is glucose broken down to after the process of glycolysis?
pyruvate

19. How many ATP would the cellular respiration of 15 glucose molecules produce?
15 X 36 = 540 ATP

20. In what part of the cell do each of the following take place:
Glycolysis? cytoplasm
Kreb’s? mitochondrial matrix
ETC? inner membrane of the mitochondria

21. How many ATP are produced (net production) during each of the following :
Glycolysis? 2
Kreb’s? 2
ETC? 32

22. Where does ATP store its energy?
Phosphate bonds

23. Where does photosynthesis take place?
In the chloroplast of the cell. The light dependent reaction occurs in the thylakoids and the light independent reaction occurs in the stroma.

24. What is the overall equation for cellular respiration?
glucose + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water + 36 ATP

25. What is the overall equation for photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide + water + light  glucose + oxygen

26. What is the function of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
first captures the radiant energy from sunlight

27. Where would you find a build-up of lactic acid?
In your muscles

28. How many ATP are produced once cellular respiration of a single glucose molecule is complete?36

29. What are the two stages of photosynthesis? Where does each take place?
Light dependent reaction & light independent reaction (Calvin Cycle), light dependent takes place in the thylakoids, light independent reaction takes place in the stroma.

30. In what ways are photosynthesis and cellular respiration similar?
Both include reactions that transform energy. They both involve organic and inorganic molecules.

31. What is the name of the first stage of photosynthesis?
Light dependent reaction

32. Explain the light dependent reactions and the light independent reactions.
The light dependent reactions take place in the thylakoid and uses H2O and light to make ATP, NADPH, and Oxygen. The ATP & NADPH from the light dependent reactions travel to the stroma and are used during the light independent reactions. The light independent reactions are also known as the Calvin Cycle. The light independent reaction takes in carbon dioxide and uses the ATP & NADPH from the light dependent reaction to make sugars.

33. What is another name for the light independent stage of photosynthesis?
Calvin Cycle

34. Carbon dioxide and alcohol are the two products of what process?
Alcoholic fermentation

35. Under what conditions does fermentation occur?
anaerobic

36. What are the differences between cellular respiration and photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis makes glucose and oxygen from water, carbon dioxide and light. Cellular respiration breaks down glucose to get energy. Cellular respiration releases carbon dioxide and water along with energy. Cellular respiration takes place in three stages: glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle, & ETC.