1. Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration
Intro Video:

2. Autotrophs: Organisms that use light energy to produce food
Ex: plants and some microorganisms (some bacteria and protists)

3. Heterotrops: Organisms that CANNOT use the sun’s energy to make food
Ex: animals and most microorganisms

4. Cells usable source of energy is called ATP
Cell Energy:
Cells usable source of energy is called ATP
ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate
Adenine
Ribose
3 Phosphate groups

5. ADP stands for adenosine diphosphate
Adenine
Ribose
2 Phosphate groups

6. All energy is stored in the bonds of compounds—breaking the bond releases the energy
To store energy: Add a bond by adding a phosphate group to ADP, producing ATP

7. To use energy: Break bond in ATP and convert into ADP
releases energy for cellular processes.

8. Photosynthesis:
Photosynthesis is the process by which the energy of sunlight is converted into glucose

9. Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plants

10. Chlorophyll is the pigment inside the chloroplast the absorbs light for photosynthesis
As the chlorophyll in leaves decays in the autumn, the green color fades and is replaced by the oranges and reds of carotenoids.
Factors affecting photosynthesis???

11. General formula for photosynthesis:
sunlight
carbon dioxide + water —> glucose + oxygen
sunlight
CO H2O —> C6H12O O2

12. Reactants Diagram H2O CO2 Light Chloroplast C6H12O6 Glucose O2
ATP
NADPH
Chloroplast
C6H12O6
Glucose O2
Products

13. Cellular Respiration: (2 kinds—Aerobic and Anaerobic)
Cellular respiration is the process by which the energy of glucose is released in the cell to be used for life processes (movement, breathing, blood circulation, etc…)

14. Respiration occurs in in the mitochondria of ALL cells and can take place either with or without oxygen present.

15. 2 Types of Cellular Respiration
Aerobic: oxygen available
Anaerobic: no oxygen available

16. Aerobic Respiration:
Total of 38 ATP molecules produced
Requires oxygen
Occurs in the mitochondria of the cell

17. Summary:
3 steps:
1st glycolysis (cytoplasm)
makes 2 ATP
2nd Krebs cycle (mitochondria)
3rd Electron Transport Chain (mitochondria)
makes 34 ATP

18. Electron Transport Chain
Diagram: Cellular Respiration
Mitochondria
In Cytoplasm
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
Glucose
Glycolysis 2 2 34

19. Trivia Question?
Prokaryotes still require energy BUT don’t have mitochondria (no organelles). SO how do they get ATP/energy???

20. Anaerobic Respiration or Fermentation:
used when no oxygen is available to the cell
Mostly unicellular organisms (low energy requirement)
Goes through glycolysis and makes 2 ATP (in cytoplasm)
2 kinds: Alcoholic Fermentation and Lactic Acid Fermentation

21. Photosynthesis and Respiration
Products of one reaction are the reactants of the other (and vice versa)

22. Importance of ATP! ALL organisms release ATP
2. ATP powers the activities of the cell
3. ATP/ADP is a cycle
4. ATP is used to actively transport material across the cell membrane