THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION EUROPE IN THE 1550 -1700s

ESSENTIAL QUESTION How did scientists like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, and Newton change people’s views of the natural world during the Scientific Revolution?

The Scientific Revolution (1550-1700) was a time period in Europe in which people started thinking about the natural world in a new way. Ideas of the ancient scientists and of the Catholic Church were challenged by scientists in Europe

During this era of the Scientific Revolution, European scholars came up with new ideas in physics, astronomy, biology, and chemistry

To prove these new ideas, the scientists began using the “scientific method”, which is a logical procedure that uses observation and experimentation to gather information

Everything was questioned and nothing was assumed to be true; it had to be PROVEN through reason

CAUSES OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION During the Renaissance, humanist scholars thought that humans could accomplish anything if they studied and questioned things

CAUSES OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Because of the Reformation, people questioned the Catholic Church’s religious beliefs Questioning religious beliefs led to people also questioning the Church’s long-held scientific beliefs

CAUSES OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION The 1500s were also the Age of Exploration which encouraged European’s interest in the stars and their drive to discover new things Also, explorers wanted better technology (such as ship-building, navigational devices, and weapons) that would help them out explore their competition

THE HELIOCENTRIC THEORY

Copernicus Who was the Polish scientist who challenged the ancient Greek astronomer Ptolemy by proposing the “heliocentric theory”- the Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun

Who was the German astronomer and mathematician who proposed that planets move in elliptical orbits (not in perfect circles) and do not always travel at the same speed around the Sun Johannes Kepler

Who was considered the founder of modern chemistry who proposed laws that explained how volume, temperature, and pressure affected gases Robert Boyle

Galileo Galilei (1) invented the pendulum that regulated clocks (2) improved the telescope and made observations about the Moon and others that supported the heliocentric theory (3) created the Law of Inertia (motion) (4) perfected the scientific method

The Church always taught that God considered humans his greatest creation and made Earth the center of the Universe Galileo’s theories went against the Church’s beliefs, so he was brought before the Inquisition

Galileo spent the rest of his life under house arrest Under the threat of torture, Galileo was forced to recant (deny) his ideas about the Sun being the center of the universe Galileo spent the rest of his life under house arrest

Who was the English mathematician and physicist who developed the law of gravity which was the basis for his three laws of motion that helped explain motion and planetary orbits. In order to complete his work on motion, this man used a math that would become calculus Isaac Newton

IMPACT OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION thermometer microscope eyeglasses Because of these new ideas, new inventions came about during the Scientific Revolution and it got the ball rolling for science and technology today

ACTIVITY! Answer the following question in 3 or more sentences: What would the world look/ be like if the Scientific Revolution had not happened? You MUST include ideas created during the Scientific Revolution