1. The Scientific Revolution
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3. The Roots of Modern Science
Phase 1
Pre-1500s, people looked to the ancient Greek or Roman authors or the Bible for answers
Few European scholars questioned their answers
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4. The Medieval View Phase 1
People believed that the earth was an unmoving object at the center of the universe
This idea is called geo-centric view
Geo= earth centric=center
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5. The Geocentric View of the universe
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6. Scientific Revolution
A New Way of Thinking
Mid 1500s, European scholars published work that challenged the old ideas
This era is called the
Scientific Revolution
Ideas are based upon careful observation and a willingness to question accepted beliefs
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7. Causes of the Scientific Revolution
began during
the Renaissance
and continued
through the
17th and 18th
centuries.
Causes of the Scientific Revolution
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8. Middle Ages Scholars translated works by Muslim scholars
Medieval universities added courses in astronomy, physics, and mathematics
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9. Renaissance
Scholars uncovered many classical (Greek and Roman) manuscripts
European explorers traveled to Africa, Asia, and the Americas
Opened the Europeans ideas that there could be new truths to be found
Invention of the printing press helped spread challenging ideas
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10. The Scientific Revolution
It was a movement that rejected traditional authority and church teachings in favor of scientific reasoning.
A new scientific method was developed.
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11. Scientists wanted to know why it rained not simply that
God willed it to rain.
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12. Nicholaus Copernicus
Studies the old Greek belief that the sun was the center of the universe
Heliocentric
helio= sun centric= centered
Observed the planets for 25 years and proved the planets and stars revolve around the sun
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14. Created a foundation for other work
Still did not completely explain why this worked the planets orbited the way they did
Feared ridicule from the clergy, or church
Published his findings in 1543 (last year of his life) in the book On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies
Created a foundation for other work
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15. Johannes Kepler Followed Copernicus
Founded mathematical laws that govern planetary motion
Planets orbit the sun in elliptical patterns
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16. Galileo Galilei Galileo was an Italian scientist.
He supported Copernicus. Copernicus believed that the planets traveled around the sun.
Galileo built a telescope to prove it.
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17. Galileo Galilei A Pendulum swings at a constant rate
Falling objects fall at a fixed and predictable rate
Built a telescope
Observed that Jupiter has four moons, and the Sun has dark spots
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18. Officials of the Roman Catholic Church were furious with Galileo. They
supported a geocentric view or the belief
that the planets revolved around the
Earth.
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20. Conflict with the Church
Galileo’s findings went against the church’s teachings:
Upsetting both Catholic and Protestant leaders
If people began to challenge church authority, other ideas would be questioned also
Galileo was forced to say his confession
Lived under house arrest for the remainder of his life
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21. Francis Bacon Believed that scientists should experiment
Developed the Scientific Method
Lead people to a better understanding of the natural world
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23. Sir Isaac Newton
Sir Isaac Newton was the most influential scientist of the Scientific Revolution.
Sir Isaac Newton discovered the law of gravity.
Gravity explains the movement of the planets and how objects fall on the earth.
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24. Isaac Newton
Brought together all ideas of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo
Law of Universal Gravitation
Three Laws of Motion
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25. If the universe was like a mechanical
clock, it could be studied and observed
and its workings figured out.
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26. Speaker box: On the back of your notes answer the following questions in complete sentences.
“If I have seen farther than others, it is because I have stood on the shoulders of giants.”
Isaac Newton
Who were the giants Newton was referring to?
Could this be said of any scientific accomplishment?
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27. Questions for Reflection:
What was the Scientific Revolution?
Why did scientists during the Scientific Revolution sometimes come into conflict with Church officials?
Describe the scientific method.
Who was Galileo Galilei and what did he believe?
Why did Sir Isaac Newton’s discovery of gravity raise scientists’ hopes?
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