1. Scientific Revolution
1. Bellringer
2. Notes
3. Review questions
Students will be able to explain how the scientific revolution represented a challenge to traditional beliefs and authority.

2. Bellringer
What do you think is the most important scientific discovery of all time? Explain your reasoning.

3. The Renaissance  The Scientific Revolution
Most medieval scientists relied on the works of ancient philosophers such as Aristotle to explain their universe
However, due to the Renaissance and the idea of humanism many began to search for other views from the ancients

4. Scientific Revolution
The invention of new scientific instruments (microscope, telescope, etc…) allowed scientist to discover new theories about the natural world’s secrets (most based on mathematics)

5. A Revolution in Astronomy
Before the scientific revolution most astronomy was based on the works of Ptolemy, and was called the Ptolemaic system
Ptolemy believed in a geocentric universe or earth-centered (where the earth is at the center of the universe and is stationary while all the planets revolve around the earth)
In 1543 Nicolas Copernicus proposed the idea of a heliocentric universe or sun-centered (where the sun is at the center of the universe and the planets including earth revolved around it)

6. Ptolemy v. Copernicus
Geocentric
Heliocentric

7. Orbits and Matter
Another scientist Johannes Kepler confirmed Copernicus’s theory with data, but he also discovered that the planets orbit not in a perfect circle
(as Copernicus thought) but, rather in an elliptical or egg-shaped motion
Galileo Galilei using a telescope discovered mountains on the moon, four moons around Jupiter and sunspots. However, it was his assertion that heavenly bodies (planets) were not orbs of light but composed of material substance like Earth that conflicted with the Catholic church. He was sentenced to house arrest by the Catholic Inquisition until his death.

8. Sir Isaac Newton
Isaac Newton introduced three laws of motion – Universal law of gravity (explains the orbit of planets, every object in the universe is attracted to every other object in the universe by a force called gravity)
The idea that emerged was that the universe was a huge machine that worked according to natural laws – how do you think the church felt about this?

9. Newton’s Universal Law of Gravity

10. Advances in Medicine
Through dissection of human bodies Andreas Vesalius – identifying organs and their purpose, general structure and connections
William Harvey proved that the heart was the beginning point of blood flow and that the same blood continuously circulates (circulatory system)

11. Circulatory System

12. Advances in Chemistry
Antoine Lavoisier invented a system for naming chemical elements which will eventually aide in the creation of the periodic table
Robert Boyle conducted experiments that found that the volume of gas varies based on pressure

13. Rationalism
Rene Descartes is also known as the father of rationalism or the notion to doubt everything until it can be proven scientifically. His famous phrase – “I think, therefore I am” – proved human existence as mind and body (Cartesian Dualism)

14. The Scientific Method
Francis Bacon developed the Scientific Method – a systematic method of proving or disproving a hypothesis
Bacon reasoned that science should not be based on the ideas of the ancients, but instead use inductive reasoning to learn about nature
Bacon believed this would lead to general principles that would allow humans to have power over nature

16. Exit Slip
Explain how the scientific revolution represented a challenge to traditional beliefs and authority. (In a well developed paragraph)