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The Thirteen Colonies

Comparing Colonial Regions What contributed to regional differences in the British colonies (Economies, politics, social/religious)? New England Puritans (Pure), homogeneous society, good economy, commerce, self government, democracy – Mayflower compact Middle Diverse religiously and ethnically (religious freedom – Roger Williams), “Bread Basket” – grain, wheat, rice, William Penn, Quakers (Pacifists) Southern Agriculture economy, slave labor (tobacco, rice, sugar plantations), House of Burgesses, Georgia (buffer colony from Spain – criminals) New England - Puritans, homogeneous society; favorable environment; good economy of agriculture and commerce- democracy (land owning males)- Mayflower Compact; halfway covenant Middle - diverse (demographically, religiously, ethnically), economy based of cereal/grain- development of Penn; New York (from the Dutch); Southern - slave labor used to grow tobacco, rice, sugar- House of Burgesses; development of the Carolinas; Georgia- buffer colony

Labor Shortages How did the colonists deal with labor shortages? Indentured servants (contracted labor) Headright system Slavery (1619) How are these similar? How are they different?

Bacon’s Rebellion What was Bacon’s Rebellion and what impact did it have? 2 major results Showed the sharp class differences Colonial resistance to royal rule 1- showed sharp class differences 2- colonial resistance to royal rule

Interactions with Natives How did British colonists interact with Native Americans? New England Federation military alliance between the New England colonies of Plymouth, Connecticut, New Haven and Massachusetts Bay to provide protection against Native American attacks King Phillip’s War fought between Wampanoag Indians and the English colonists in New England, lasted 14 months, ended in a colonial victory

Mercantilist policies Why did mercantilist policies develop and how did they affect the colonies? Navigation Acts - positives and negatives Enforcement Dominion of New England How did the colonists respond? Mercantilism – government control of the economy. Government controls what you can buy and sell. There is no free choice. Navigation Acts – restricted foreign shipping, required all European goods bound for the Americas to ship through England first, made it harder for the colonies to trade or be profitable, essentially excluded the Dutch from all trade w/England (Dutch East India Trading company), forbid colonist from trading w/foreign countries. Made England trade network exponentially bigger, led to the increased growth and power of the British Navy. The acts were followed until acts were passed on sugar and molasses. The Navigation Acts, among other things, would be a contributing cause of resentment by the colonist which eventually led to the American Revolution.

Growth of Slavery How did the British- American system of slavery develop in the New World? Slave laws Triangular trade How did slaves respond? Compared with Spanish and French -Shortage of labor- couldn’t enslave natives abundance of land Increasing demand for goods Didn’t intermarry with natives or slaves