1. 3-3: Later English Colonization, 1660s-1700s

2. Objectives
NAT 1.0 Explain how ideas about democracy, freedom, and individualism found expression in the development of cultural values, political institutions, and American identity.
CUL 1.0 Explain how religious groups and ideas have affected American society and political life.
WOR 1.0 Explain how cultural interaction, cooperation, competition, and conflict between empires, nations, and peoples have influenced political, economic, and social developments in North America.

3. Objectives
POL 1.0 Explain how and why political ideas, beliefs, institutions, party systems, and alignments have developed and changed.
WXT 1.0 Explain how different labor systems developed in North America and the United States, and explain their effects on workers’ lives and U.S. society.
WXT 2.0 Explain how patterns of exchange, markets, and private enterprise have developed, and analyze ways that governments have responded to economic issues.

4. Key Concept
The British colonies participated in political, social, cultural, and economic exchanges with Great Britain that encouraged both stronger bonds with Britain and resistance to Britain’s control.

6. Restoration Colonies South Carolina North Carolina New York New Jersey
Ties to Barbados
Rice plantations
North Carolina
Small, self-sufficient farms
New York
Ousting of Dutch control
New Jersey

7. Restoration Colonies Pennsylvania Quakers William Penn
Equality of the sexes
Pacifism
Freedom of worship
William Penn
“Holy Experiment”
Representative assembly
Freedom of religion
No tax-supported church
Anti-slavery
Fair treatment of Indians

8. Restoration Colonies Delaware Georgia Military buffer Debtor colony
Direct financial support from England
Debtor colony

12. Mercantilism and the Empire
English economic philosophy
Favorable balance of trade
Colonial economy subordinate to Britain
Navigation Acts

13. Mercantilism and the Empire
Impact on the Colonies
Positive
New England shipbuilding
Chesapeake tobacco
British protection
Negative
Manufacturing limited
Trade only with England
Low profit, high prices
Restrictions unnecessary!

14. Mercantilism and the Empire
Enforcement of the Acts
Salutary Neglect
Led to individualism, self-reliance, and the ideal of independence
Dominion of New England

15. The Institution of Slavery

16. The Institution of Slavery
Overview
Colonial Life Lent Itself to Slavery
Abundance of land
High European demand for colonial goods
Long growing seasons
Shortage of indentured servants

17. The Institution of Slavery
Increased Demand for Slaves
Indentured Servitude
Headright system
African slaves arrive—1619
End of Royal African slave monopoly—1670s
Bacon’s Rebellion—1676
Dramatic increase in slaves by 1700
Slavery legal in all colonies

18. The Institution of Slavery
Slave Codes
As slave populations increased, white colonists reacted to put down perceived racial threats
Strict racial system developed
Black resistance
Stono rebellion, 1739

19. Slave Codes Virginia, 1659 Virginia, 1662
“All persons except Negroes are to be provided with arms and ammunitions or be fined at the pleasure of the governor and council”
Virginia, 1662
“Whereas some doubts have arisen whether children got by any Englishmen upon a Negro shall be slave or Free, Be it therefore enacted and declared by this present Grand assembly, that all children born in this country shall be held bond or free only according to the condition of the mother."

20. Slave Codes Virginia, 1705 South Carolina, 1712
“If any slave resists his master...correcting such a slave, and shall happen to be killed in such correction...the master shall be free of all punishment...as if such accident never happened.”
South Carolina, 1712
“Any slave attempting to run away and leave the colony receives the death penalty”

21. Slave Codes South Carolina, 1712
“Owners refusing to abide by the slave code are fined and forfeit ownership of their slaves”
“Slave homes are to be searched every two weeks for weapons or stolen goods. Punishment for violations escalate to include loss of ear, branding, and nose-slitting, and for the fourth offense, death.”

22. The Institution of Slavery
Triangular Trade
Goods and people traded
Europe
Africa
Caribbean
Southern Colonies
New England
Middle Passage