1. Colonization of America
Unit 1 Final Exam Review
Colonization of America

2. Agricultural Revolution
1. Agricultural Revolution—time when people started raising crops for food, causing civilizations to grow

3. The Columbian Exchange
2. Columbian Exchange—transfer of plants, animals, diseases, etc. between the “Old World” and “New World,” starting in 1492

4. Fall of the Spanish Armada
3. Fall of the Spanish Armada—in 1588, this event opened America to be settled by England, not just Spain

5. Southern Colonies
4. Southern colonies—had a warm, fertile environment and economy based on agriculture, especially tobacco

6. Jamestown
5. Jamestown—the first English settlement in America, located in Virginia, almost collapsed during the “starving time”

7. Tobacco
6. Tobacco—saved Jamestown from collapse, it was initially harvested by indentured servants and later by slaves

8. House of Burgesses
7. House of Burgesses—the first representative government in the colonies, located in Jamestown, Virginia

9. Headright System
8. Headright System—gave wealthy planters land for bringing indentured servants to America, but helped cause Bacon’s Rebellion

10. Indentured Servants
9. Indentured Servants—worked for wealthy planters 4-7 years in exchange for transportation to America

11. Bacon’s Rebellion
10. Bacon’s Rebellion—caused wealthy southern planters to turn from indentured servants to slaves as a source of labor

12. New England Colonies
11. New England colonies—valued religion, had a cold, rocky climate, and had economy based on fishing and shipbuilding

13. Mayflower Compact
12. Mayflower Compact—agreement between Pilgrims at Plymouth to create a government that used majority rule

14. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
13. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut—the first written constitution in the American colonies, it foreshadowed the United States Constitution

15. Massachusetts Bay colony
14. Massachusetts Bay colony—founded as a place for Puritans to practice their religion and be a “city upon a hill,” a Christian example to the world

16. Roger Williams
15. Roger Williams—forced to leave Massachusetts Bay because he disagreed with Puritan leaders and believed in freedom of religion

17. King Philip’s War
16. King Philip’s War—fought largely over desire for land, this victory for colonists represented the last resistance of Native Americans in New England

18. Quakers
17. Quakers—non-violent religious group in Middle colonies that believed in religious freedom and equality between races, sexes, and with Native Americans

19. Triangular Trade
18. Triangular Trade—network of trade that occurred between the Caribbean (West Indies), Africa, and the American colonies

20. Mercantilism
19. Mercantilism—a country’s policy to gather more wealth to itself and become powerful, which England used with the colonies

21. Navigation Acts
20. Navigation Acts—England’s mercantilist laws that controlled colonial trade to benefit England that caused many colonists to smuggle, creating tension

22. Great Awakening
21. Great Awakening—time period of religious revival in the English colonies in the 1700s

23. The Enlightenment
22. The Enlightenment—movement that emphasized science, reason, logic, and natural rights; many of its ideas helped cause the American Revolution

24. John Locke
23. John Locke—Enlightenment thinker who wrote about natural rights—life, liberty, and property

25. Compact Theory
24. Compact Theory—the idea that if government does not protect its citizens’ natural rights, they have a right to abolish it

26. Zenger Trial
25. Zenger Trial—newspaper editor is found not guilty after criticizing the government, setting precedent for freedom of the press