1. The 13 Colonies All located on the East Coast.
All share the Atlantic Ocean.
All settled by Great Britain.
All English-speaking.
All share the same English heritage.

2. New England or Northern Colonies
Pilgrims (1820) – settled at Plymouth Rock
Puritans (1830) – settled at Massachusetts Bay

3. The Middle Colonies NY, NJ, PA, DE
New York – a proprietary colony – one in which the King granted a charter (permission) to establish a colony to one or more people
New Jersey started out as a proprietary colony but became a royal colony – one owned & ruled by the King
PA – a proprietary colony – William Penn – established as a religious refuge for the Quakers; offered freedom of religion

4. The Southern Colonies
Jamestown (VA) was the first English colony, established by a joint-stock company (similar to a corporation).
Georgia – the last colony to be established; a place for debtors and poor people to make a new start; also served as a buffer or military barrier between SC and Spanish Florida. Slavery was outlawed.

5. Reasons to immigrate
Religious; ex: Puritans (were religious dissenters); Catholics (MD), Quakers (PA)
Economic opportunity – gain wealth; ex: Jamestown

6. Geography New England Few Rivers seaports Rocky soil forests
Harsh climate - Long winters
Middle
Soil & climate suited to agriculture
South
Warm climate
Long growing season
Rich soil

7. Economies New England - small farms
- industries – milling grain, blacksmiths, etc.
- shipbuilding
- fishing
- triangular trade
Middle
- commerce & agriculture
- farming – wheat & other grains
- industries – mines, ironworks
South
– agricultural – grew tobacco (a cash crop) which led to large
plantations, small farms & slavery
- forests, naval stores

8. Mercantilism
An economic system to create & maintain wealth by controlling trade.
Required colonies with raw materials and that could serve as markets.
Required a favorable balance of trade – export (sell) more than you import (buy)
Navigation Acts – passed to enforce mercantilism; restricted colonial trade with countries other than England – led to smuggling

9. Social (Society) Religion was important in all colonies.
New England
A commonwealth
Puritans known for their strong work ethic & personal virtues such as honesty & thriftiness.
Towns & large cities – industrial
Middle
The most diverse – many ethnic and religious groups
South
a rural agricultural society.
Indentured servants later replaced with slaves.

10. Politics All colonies were self-governing, but all were under the control of the English monarchy.
New England
Town meetings
Only men who were church members could vote.
Middle
The most democratic
South
Only white landowners could vote.
Large plantation owners held political power.