Chapter 6: Nonverbal Communication: Messages Without Words PowerPoint Presentation to accompany Looking Out, Looking In, Tenth Edition Chapter 6: Nonverbal Communication: Messages Without Words Presentation prepared by Dr. Michael Pearson, Gretchen Gill, and Tim Scanlon of West Chester University Copyright © 2002 Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license. For permission to use material from this text, contact us by: Phone: 1-800-730-2214 Fax: 1-800-730-2215 Web: www.thomsonrights.com Copyright © 2002 Thomson Learning, Inc. 1

Nonverbal Communication: Messages Without Words CHAPTER 6 Nonverbal Communication: Messages Without Words 2

Nonverbal Communication: Messages Without Words Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication Differences Between Verbal and Nonverbal Communication Types of Nonverbal Communication 3

Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication Nonverbal communication exists All nonverbal behavior has communicative value Much nonverbal communication is culture-bound Male and female nonverbal communications differ in some ways Nonverbal communication is primarily relational Nonverbal communication serves many functions Nonverbal communication is ambiguous 4

Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication Nonverbal communication serves many functions Repeating Substituting Complementing Accenting Regulating Contradicting Deceiving 5

Differences Between Verbal and Nonverbal Communication Single vs. Multiple Channels Intermittent vs. Continuous Clear vs. Ambiguous Verbal vs. Nonverbal Impact Deliberate vs. Unconscious 8

Types of Nonverbal Communication Kinesics A area of nonverbal communication that involves body position and motion. Body Orientation Type of nonverbal communication characterized by the degree to which we face toward or away from someone Posture The way in which individuals carry themselves (e.g. erect, slumping, and so on) 9

Types of Nonverbal Communication Gestures Motions of the body, usually hands or arms, that have communicative value Illustrators – movements that accompany speech and that can’t stand alone Emblems – deliberate nonverbal behaviors that stand alone and have a very precise meaning Adaptors - movements in which one part of the body grooms, massages, rubs, holds, or otherwise manipulates the body 10

Types of Nonverbal Communication Face and Eyes Ekman & Friesen identify six basic emotions of facial expression: surprise, fear, anger, disgust, sadness and happiness Microexpression- brief facial expressions

Types of Nonverbal Communication Voice Paralanguage – nonverbal vocal messages that have communicative value: emphasis, rate, pitch, volume tone, disfluencies Touch Touch can communicate many messages and signal a variety of relationships 11

Types of Nonverbal Communication Physical Attractiveness Perceived physical attractiveness affects interaction between people Clothing Clothing conveys 10 types of messages to others Economic level Educational background Economic background Social position Educational level Level of success Social background Level of sophistication Trustworthiness Moral character 12

Types of Nonverbal Communication Proxemics - the way people and animals use space Intimate Distance - ranging from skin contact to 18 in. Personal Distance - ranges from 18 in. to 4 ft. Social Distance - ranges from 4 to 12 ft. Public Distance - running outward from 12 ft. 13

Types of Nonverbal Communication Territoriality Territory - a stationary area claimed by an individual (e.g. your room, desk, or work area) Physical Environment Home designs and interiors can communicate impressions Environments can shape the interaction that takes place in them 14

Types of Nonverbal Communication Time Chronemics - the study of how humans use and structure time 15