1. Nonverbal Communication
Communication without words; a process by which an individual stimulates meaning in the mind of
another person through intentional and unintentional messages through use of the body and voice

2. Functions of Nonverbal Behavior

3. nonverbal message away and it still gives the same message
Repeat
Nonverbal message conveys the same idea as the verbal; can take either verbal or nonverbal message away and it still gives the same message
Examples: saying “Hello” while waving or saying “Be quiet” while holding index finger up to your mouth
Repeat- nonverbal message conveys the same idea as the verbal; can take either verbal or
nonverbal message away and it still gives the same message
Examples: saying “Hello” while waving or saying “Be quiet” while holding index finger up to your mouth

4. Substitute nonverbal message replaces verbal message
Examples: waving to say hello, thumbs up for “good job,” clapping at a concert, hitchhiker thumb
Repeat- nonverbal message conveys the same idea as the verbal; can take either verbal or
nonverbal message away and it still gives the same message
Examples: saying “Hello” while waving or saying “Be quiet” while holding index finger up to your mouth

5. Nonverbal goes against verbal; they do not match up
"I'm fine."
Contradict
Nonverbal goes against verbal; they do not match up
Examples: Saying yes while shaking head no, saying “I’m fine” when your head is hanging down with slumped shoulders, etc.
Note: Which is more believable when verbal and nonverbal behaviors are contradictory? Why?

6. Complement
Nonverbal supports verbal; used to show how to do something, show sizes, or emphasize emotional feelings; we complement the verbal message with the nonverbal message when demonstrating something or giving directions & pointing
Examples: “The fish was this big” while holding hands out to indicate size or “I’m so frustrated!” while shaking fists

7. Accent Use of gestures & facial expressions to emphasize or punctuate spoken words Examples: yelling “That’s it!” while pounding fist, emphasizing words through tone of voice, saying “My first point…” while holding up one finger

8. Regulate
Nonverbal cues that control or regulate the interaction of flow of communication between ourselves and another person
Examples: nodding head and saying “uh huh,” giving eye contact, opening mouth to speak, leaning forward, raising eyebrows, or raising index finger

9. Communication through voice such as…
Vocalics
Communication through voice such as…
Tone of voice/ pitch
Volume
Rate
Quality
Accent/ dialect

10. Kinesics:
The study of human movement and gesture, including facial expression & eye contact

11. Affect displays Nonverbal behaviors used to communicate emotions Examples: hugging someone to express love or shaking fist at someone to show anger

12. Adaptors
Nonverbal behaviors that help us to satisfy a personal need and adapt to the immediate situation; not really intending to communicate meaning
Examples: scratching mosquito bite, adjusting glasses, combing hair, pulling hanging thread of clothing, etc.

13. Communication through the use of space
Proxemics:
Communication through the use of space
Territoriality- fixed area that is occupied, controlled and defended by a person or group as their exclusive domain; regulates social interaction; can be source of conflict; indicates ownership (permanent or temporary)

14. Zones of Space: Intimate: 0- 1 and ½ feet Personal: 1 and ½ - 4 feet
Social: 4-12 feet
Public: Beyond 12 feet

15. Appearance Objectics- study of personal artifacts Object language- the way a person appears (clothes, hair, articles worn or carried) or the display of the human body and its apparel

16. Appearance (cont).
May indicate occupation, culture, status, or group membership
The objects a person chooses to have, carry, or wear may also nonverbally communicate something about that person
For example, diamond ring on the left finger, cross or Star of David, athletic letter

17. Appearance (cont).
A person's use of objects may give clues to internal state (emotions)
For example, clicking a pen might be from nervousness, or tapping something loudly on a desk could be anger
A person's appearance may "type" them in terms of school groups (jocks, brains, delinquents, etc.)

18. Chronemics-
Use of time

19. Ways that we use our time communicate information about ourselves and our feelings
Interest & affection
Power & status
Activities
Can indicate other messages- appropriate times for phone calls (Call at 2 a.m. usually indicates emergency)
Our society values time highly; we as Americans have an emphasis on watching the clock and doing things on time- varies from culture to culture

20. Haptics- Use of touch
Used in many ways… positive, negative, influence, interaction management, interpersonal responsiveness, accidental, task-related, healing
Individual- some people are more touch-oriented than others
Cultures differ in use of touch
Can be situational (example- football locker room)
Varies by gender, status, age, culture- contact vs. noncontact