1. CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 1) Chapter 6: Nonverbal Messages Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

2. CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 2) Principles of Nonverbal Communication Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 1.Nonverbal messages interact with verbal messages  Accent  Complement  Contradict  Control  Repeat  Substitute

3. CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 3) Principles of Nonverbal Communication (cont.) Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 2.Nonverbal messages help manage impressions  To be liked  To be believed  To excuse failure  To get help  To hide faults  To be followed  To confirm and communicate self-image

4. CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 4) Principles of Nonverbal Communication (cont.) Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 3.Nonverbal messages help form relationships 4.Nonverbal messages structure conversation 5.Nonverbal messages influence and deceive (“Security” t-shirt) 6.Nonverbal messages express emotions

5. CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 5) Channels of Nonverbal Communication Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 1.Body gestures, movement – kinesics  Emblems (body movements w/specific verbal translations, ex: signs for “OK” or “Peace”)  Illustrators “illustrate” verbal messages (ex: the hand movement for “The fish was THIS big.”  Affect displays communicate emotional meaning (ex. Expressions of happiness, surprise, anger, disgust)  Regulators maintain the speaking of another (ex. Facial expressions and gestures indicating “keep going” or “hold on”)  Adaptors satisfy some need (scratching head, chewing on pencil)

6. CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 6) Channels of Nonverbal Communication (cont.) Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 2.Body appearance 3.Facial communication

7. CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 7) Channels of Nonverbal Communication (cont.) Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 4.Eye communication – occulesis  Functions of eye contact  Monitor feedback  Secure attention  Regulate conversation  Signal nature of relationship  Signal status (staring contest)  Compensate for distance

8. CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 8) Channels of Nonverbal Communication (cont.) Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 5.Touch, tactile communication – haptics  Highly primitive and essential  Varies with age and relationship  Has multiple meanings  Positive emotions  Playfulness  Control (hand on shoulder)  Ritual (shaking hands)  Task-relatedness (checking someone’s forehead for fever)

9. CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 9) Channels of Nonverbal Communication (cont.) Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 5.Touch communication (cont.)  Touch avoidance is related to communication apprehension or anxiety  Rules of touch vary culturally

10. CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 10) Channels of Nonverbal Communication (cont.) Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6.Paralanguage and silence  Paralanguage – vocal but nonverbal  Rate  Volume  Pitch  Ex. “Is this the face that launched a thousand ships?” vs. “Is this the face…” etc.)  We form impressions of people based on their paralanguage  Paralanguage affects persuasiveness  Norms for paralanguage vary culturally

11. CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 11) Channels of Nonverbal Communication (cont.) Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6.Paralanguage and silence (cont.)  Silence communicates  Functions of silence  Time to think  Hurt others (stonewalling)  Respond to personal anxiety  Prevent communication of conflict or certain topics  Communicate emotions  Achieve certain effects (dramatic pause)  You have nothing to say

12. CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 12) Channels of Nonverbal Communication (cont.) Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6.Paralanguage and silence (cont.)  Spiral of silence  We’re more likely to voice your opinion if you agree with the majority on a controversial topic  The minority view stays silent and the majority view gets stronger  Different cultures view silence differently

13. CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 13) Channels of Nonverbal Communication (cont.) Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 7.Spatial messages, territoriality – proxemics  Proxemic distances  Intimate – 0 to 18 inches, within touching distance  Personal – 1 ½ feet to 4 feet, surrounded by protective bubble, touch only by stretching  Social – 4 feet to 12 feet, conduct business or social interactions  Public – 12 feet to 25+, keep your distance, people blend into the background

14. CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 14) Channels of Nonverbal Communication (cont.) Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 7.Spatial messages, territoriality – proxemics

15. CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 15) Channels of Nonverbal Communication (cont.) Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 7.Spatial messages (cont.)  Territoriality  Primary/home territories  Secondary territories (your classroom seat)  Public territories (a restaurant)  Home field advantage (ppl take leadership role in their own home or office)  Territorial markers  Central markers (items you place in your territory)  Boundary markers (armrests on chairs in cinemas)  Ear markers (identifying marks on your possessions– ex. your phone cover)

16. CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 16) Channels of Nonverbal Communication (cont.) Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 7.Spatial messages (cont.)  Encroachment – right of invasion (my boss can come into my office; I can’t use his)  Unwritten rule  Usually granted to higher status

17. CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 17) Channels of Nonverbal Communication (cont.) Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 8.Artifactual communication Messages conveyed by objects made by human hands; includes color, clothes, hairstyle, jewelry, perfume  Space decoration  Color communication (colors for skittles)  Clothing and body adornment  Cultural display (Hong Kong hairstyles)  Scent (olfactory communication)