MOTIVATION B.A.-I P.G.G.C.G-42 Chandigarh By: Ms. Amandeep

Motivation The term motivation literally means to move or to energies or to activate. In the sense anything that is responsible for internal or external actively may be called motivation. Definition: “Motivation refers to the driving and pulling force which results in persistent behavior directed to wards particular goad” – Morgan and King

Motivational Cycle Relief Striving

a) Needs: It refers to a lack or deficit within the individual Physiological needs: Because of tissue needs of food, water, air etc. Social needs: Needs for affection, recognition & prestige.

b) Instrumental behaviour: Any behaviour instrumental in satisfying a need or drive or motive. e.g. Crying child is instrumental in getting food from his mother.

CHARACTERISTICS OF MOTIVATION Motivation is :- An answer to the ‘why’ of behaviour. The internal processes that can’t be directly observed. An energizer or activator, helps in arousing a person to perform. Directs our behaviour. Always goal oriented. Occurs again and again. Regulates behaviour

TYPES OF MOTIVATION Intrinsic Extrinsic It makes people to participate in an activity for their own enjoyment not for reward. Behaviours which are interesting, self satisfying without external benefits. Extrinsic It makes people to participate in an activity for a tangible reward. It guides behaviours to obtain same external rewards.

CLASSIFICATION OF MOTIVES 1. Physiological motives Psychological motives Social motives

PHYSIOLOGICAL MOTIVES:- These are basic, inborn, biological drives with which every member of the species begins life. They are called primary needs. Vital to life. Necessary for survival. Referred as biological need also. With the help of these motives body preserved Homeostasis.

Type of Physiological motives are:- Hunger Thirst Sexual Motivation Sleep and Rest Regulation of temperature Need to avoid pain Maternal love Need to Respirate Need to exerete

PSYCHOLOGICAL MOTIVES:- They are basically caused due to some psychological need and are not based on physical needs. They are caused because of the stimulus in environment but gives the psychological reaction.

Type of Psychological motives are:- Urge to escape Humour Need to fulfill one’s interest and potentials Need to have a purpose Force of habit Need to maintain self-esteem Curiosity and exploration Effectance Motivation

Social motives are general, pearisling characteristics of a person. These motives are called Social because they are learned in social groups especially in the family as children grow up and because they usually involve other people. Social motives are general, pearisling characteristics of a person.

Type of Social motives are:- Achievement Power Gregariousness Aggression Imitation Sympathy/Empathy

Theories of Motivation Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory: Deficiency needs must be satisfied before higher levels of motivation can emerge i.e. growth needs. To live up to our’s potential Growth need: Motivation increases when needs are met. To gain the approval of others and achieve success. To be loved by others sense of belonging. Deficiency need: Motivation decreases when needs are met. Security, Protection. Hunger, Thirst, Oxygen

Mc Clelland Theory Characteristic N Achievement N Affiliation N Power General Concern to do better Concern for establishing, maintaining, repairing, friendly, relations Concern with having reputation and influence Arousing situation A moderately challenging task Opportunity to be with friends Hierarchical or influence situation Related activities Performs better at challenging tasks, prefers personal responsibility Makes more local phone calls, visits, better grades from teacher Often tries to convince others, plays more sports, drinks heavily

MURRAY THEORY OF NEEDS According to this theory, unsatisfied needs motivate the individual to act and sustain until satisfaction is realized. He classified needs into two types: (i) Viscerogenic: These are essential for an organisms survival as food, water, sex, etc. These are also called the Murrary needs. (ii) Psychogenic: These needs emerge from the primary needs. Need for acquisition, achievement, abasement, affiliation, aggression, autonomy, superiority, nurturance, succorance, cognisance, etc. are included in this group. These needs are also called the secondary needs.