1. Motivation & Emotion

2. Instructor: Saba Nasir
Motive
Specific need, desire, or want, such as hunger, thrust, or achievement, that prompts goal-oriented behavior.
STIMULUS
MOTIVE
BEHAVIOR
How Motivation works??
Motivation & Emotion
Instructor: Saba Nasir

3. Instructor: Saba Nasir
Emotions
State characterized by physiological arousal and changes in facial expressions, gestures, posture, and subjective feelings
Motivation
An inner state (either a need or desire) that energizes & directs us and keeps us moving toward our goals
Motivation & Emotion
Instructor: Saba Nasir

4. Instructor: Saba Nasir
Motivation occurs whether we are aware it or not
Same motivation or emotion may produce different behavior
etc,…Earning money
Same behavior might arise from different motives or Emotions
Etc,… watching movies
Motivation & Emotion
Instructor: Saba Nasir

5. Perspectives on Motivation
Instinct theory
Attributes behavior to instincts (specific inborn, inflexible, goal-directed behavior patterns characteristics of an entire species)
Criticism
Most human behavior is not inborn but is learned
Human behavior is rarely rigid, inflexible, unchanging and characteristic of the species
Motivation & Emotion
Instructor: Saba Nasir

6. Perspectives on Motivation
Drive reduction theory
Motivated behavior is aimed at reducing drive (state of bodily tension or arousal) and returning the organism to homeostasis
Criticism
Drives are not always reduced, they are increased as well
Some behavior is also triggered by external stimuli (incentive) than internal states
Motivation & Emotion
Instructor: Saba Nasir

7. Instructor: Saba Nasir
Types of Motivation
Intrinsic Motivation
A desire to perform a behavior that originates within the individual
Extrinsic Motivation
A desire to perform a behavior to obtain an external reward or to avoid punishment
Motivation & Emotion
Instructor: Saba Nasir

8. Instructor: Saba Nasir
Primary Drives
Physiological based unlearned motive, such as hunger. Associated with the survival of the organism and the species
Principal Primary drives
Hunger
Thirst
Sex
Motivation & Emotion
Instructor: Saba Nasir

9. Instructor: Saba Nasir
Other Motives
Stimulus Motives
Unlearned motives, that are more dependent on external stimuli and are associated with obtaining information about the environment.
Curiosity & Exploration
Manipulation
Contact
Motivation & Emotion
Instructor: Saba Nasir

10. Instructor: Saba Nasir
Aggression
Aggression in human beings encompasses all behaviors that is intended to inflict physical or psychological harm on others.
Aggression & frustration
Learning aggression by observing
Aggression and culture
Individualistic & collectivistic societies
Gender & aggression
Nature vs nurture
Motivation & Emotion
Instructor: Saba Nasir

11. Instructor: Saba Nasir
Social Motives
Social Motives: Acquired by growing up in a particular society or culture
Achievement
The desire to excel and overcome obstacles
Aspects of achievement oriented behavior
Work orientation
Mastery
Competitiveness
Motivation & Emotion
Instructor: Saba Nasir

12. Instructor: Saba Nasir
Social Motives
Power
The need to win recognition or to influence or control individuals or groups
Affiliation
The need to be with others
Motivation & Emotion
Instructor: Saba Nasir

13. Instructor: Saba Nasir
A Hierarchy of Motives
Self
actualization
Belonging Need
Esteem
Belongingness & Love
Safety Needs
Safety & Security
Physiological
Motivation & Emotion
Instructor: Saba Nasir