The beginning of cold war Chapter 29.1 The beginning of cold war

The Problems of Peace Occupying Germany At the Postdam Conferences Allied powers decided how to divide up Germany The agreed on a temporary division of Germany into four zones to be ruled by the separate Allied powers They divided up the capital of Berlin into West and East They came up with a plan to rid Germany of any Nazi party beliefs and actions The Nuremberg trails- allied military courts tried more than 200 Nazi and military officials for their war crimes. They agreed on a plan for Germany to pay reparations for the destruction they caused in the war. In German currency, and industrial equipment USSR got the most

The Problem of Peace Eastern Europe The Allied powers had a harder time deciding what to do with Eastern Europe The USSR occupied much of eastern Europe Stalin argued that they needed friendly government’s in eastern Europe to become a buffer if western Europe ever attacked again Stalin promised to respect the governments in those eastern European countries The US and GB believed Stalin wanted to start pro-communist gov’ts in these countries Tensions began to rise

The Conflict Worsens The Struggle Begins Soon the US and the USSR entered an era of tension and hostility which became known as the Cold War Cold War was between communism and capitalist democracy Stalin began to set up communist governments throughout Eastern Europe By force they began pro-soviet communist All but Yugoslavia even though they had a communist dictator Stalin failed to pull his troops out of Northen Iran, which he had occupied during WWII In Feb 1946 Stalin said a war with the west was inevitable Churchill then referred to the division between the East and the West as Iron Curtain

The Conflicts Worsens The West Resists Soviet-backed Communists were threatening the gov’t of Greece and Turkey President Truman announced his plan the Truman Doctrine which pledged to provide economic and military aid to oppose the spread of communism. The US Congress sent hundred of millions of dollars to Greece and Turkey to help them fight the USSR Most of Europe was in economic turmoil because of the war. Truman enacted the Marshall plan which gave 13 billion dollars to help rebuild Europe. This was done in hopes that people would not turn to communism The plan helped Europe make a rapid recovery economically and politically The Marshall Plan and the Truman Doctrine demonstrated the West’s commitment to containment

Cold War Confrontations Crisis in Berlin The occupation of Germany was meant to be temporary By 1947 The US, GB and France decided to take their sections of Germany and form the nation of Germany They planned to set up a democratic gov’t. They also wanted to do this on their side of Berlin, which was in the heart of Soviet territory in Germany The USSR was very opposed to this In June 1948 The USSR cut of land, rail, and water routes to Berlin The 2 million Berlin residents were no longer allowed to import good that they needed The USSR did this in hope the West would pull out of Berlin The West began airlifting goods into Berlin. Every 30 seconds a cargo plane was taking off or landing in Berlin The Berlin airlifts were successful and The USSR called off the blockade in May 1949

Cold War Confrontations New Nations and Alliances After the crisis Western Germany formed the Federal Republic of West Germany (or West Germany) and The USSR and the Eastern zone formed the German democratic Republic (or East Germany) During the Berlin Crisis two alliances were formed NATO- National Atlantic Treaty Organizations to counter act the spread of communism US, Canada, and most of Western Europe Warsaw Pact- The Soviet Union and other Communist Eastern European countries. USSR, and communist nations in Eastern Europe,

Cold War Confrontations War in Korea After the Japanese surrendered at the end of WWII the Allied powers gained Korea The USSR and The United States divided the country temporarily North-USSR South- US The Soviets soon established s communist gov’t in the North and The US supported a non-communist regime in the South North Korea attacked South Korea wanting to unite Korea under one communist gov’t The US wanted to stop the spread of communism and called on the UN for help Asked the UN to allow them to use force to stop the spread of communism The UN formed a military made up of 17 nations went in to defend South Korea Most of the troops were American

War in Korea (Continued) At first The North Koreans almost conquered South Korea Once General MacArthur led the troops in the South they pushed the North Koreans back into the North They pushed them deep into North Korea by the Chinese border They thought they would soon win the war However Communist Chinese forces helped the North Koreas and pushed the UN forces back into South Korea By 1951 the war settled into a stalemate The lines between North and South Korea lay just about the same place as they did before the invasion of North Korea In 1953 the two sides agreed to an armistice- seize fire 4 million casualties The 38th Parallel is still recognized as a demilitarized zone marking the division between North and South Korea. Nothing changed after the war North Korea remained a communist state and South Korea was an ally with the West.