Nonverbal Codes of Communication
Types of Nonverbal Codes What is the focus of each of these nonverbal areas? Kinesics Haptics (tactile) Physical Appearance Artifacts Proxemics and Personal Space Chronemics Paralanguage
Categories of Movement Emblems-substitute for words or phrases Illustrators-accompany/reinforce verbal messages Affect displays-show emotion Regulators-control flow and pace of communication Adaptors-typically private, but sometimes public, movements
Categories of Space (Proxemics) Public +12ft Social 4-12ft Personal 1.5-4ft Intimate 0-1.5ft
What Space Says Males take more space than females Distance often communicates the degree of liking between two people Distance is often greater with strangers, authority figures, high-status people, physically-challenged people, and people of different races Physical environment can control the space available
Haptics Essential to healthy life Confers power and status Often gender-related
The Communication of Touching People need to be touched Touch is usually perceived as positive, pleasureful, and reinforcing Touch varies between and within cultures Females value touch more than males Males use touch to indicate power or dominance Males touch others more than females touch others
Types of Vocal Cues (Paralanguage) Pitch Rate Inflection Volume Quality Sounds and silence Pronunciation Articulation Enunciation What effects do these cues have?
Clothes and Artifacts Communicate age, gender, status, role, socioeconomic class, group memberships, personality, and relation to the opposite sex Indicate time in history, time of day, and climate What do your clothes say about you? How do they differ when you are not in class?
How to Use Codes Observe, analyze, and interpret behavior Know usual behavior to compare different behaviors Behavior across situations Behavior with different people