The Crusades Middle Ages Unit

Essential Question WHAT ARE THE MAJOR CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF THE CRUSADES?

Warm Up List everything you already know about the Crusades.

Key Vocabulary Crusades: a series of “holy wars” that were undertaken to recapture the Holy Land

Knights What is “chivalry?” It was the “knightly system” or code of conduct during the Middle Ages. Knights devoted themselves to their Earthly Lord, Heavenly Lord, and Chosen Lady. What class were knights from? The Noble class.

Why were coats of arms used? Because few knights could read. It was an official stamp or signature. What were tournaments? Battles knights took part in them to keep in good condition. What did knights get if they were the winner of a tournament/jousting match? The losers horse and armor.

Assessment Prompt 1 In one sentence, describe what chivalry was.

The Crusades How did it begin? Began in 1093 when the Byzantine Emperor wrote a letter read by Pope Urban II The Pope then called for a “Holy War” against the Muslim Turks. How long did it last? Over 200 Years

Who fought the Crusades? Knights Younger sons who would not inherit property What were Crusaders promised? If they died on the Crusade they were assured a place in heaven. What was their attire? Tunics with red crosses on their chest.

First Crusade Goal: To take back the Holy Land and Jerusalem 1096-1099 Result: Captured Jerusalem on July 15 1099 and a 650 mile stretch of land from Edessa (north) to Jerusalem (south).

Second Crusade Goal: Retake Edessa 1145-1187 Edessa was recaptured by the Muslim Turks in 1144. Result: Crusaders were defeated and shocked to find that Jerusalem had fallen to the Muslim leader Saladin.

Third Crusade Goal: Recapture Jerusalem 1189-1192 Leader of Crusaders: King Richard The Lion Hearted of England Result: King Richard was unable to recapture Jerusalem but he and Saladin agreed to a truce. Muslims would keep Jerusalem but Christians were free to visit the cities holy places.

Fourth Crusade Goal: Retake Jerusalem 1202-1204 Result: Knights did not reach Holy Land and looted Constantinople instead

Spanish Crusade 1100-1492 Reconquista Effort to drive Muslims out of Spain The leaders of Spain (Ferdinand and Isabella) instituted a tribunal held by the Church called The Inquisition to eliminate Heresy Jewish and Muslim converts were questioned & tortured to see if they held beliefs different from that of the Church

Assessment Prompt: Cause & Effect Causes Effects Crusades