Immigration Unit 3

OBJECTIVE Identify the causes of immigration to the United States during the late 19th and early 20th century, as well as analyze the sentiments of many American born citizens towards different groups of immigrants.

GUIDED NOTES QUESTIONS 1. Why would immigrants come to the United States in such big numbers? 2. What were the effects of the massive influx of immigrants to the U.S. in the late 1800’s? 3. How did Immigrants deal with the challenges they faced? 4. What group of immigrants do you think faced the greatest challenges in the United States? Why? E.Q. How would your life be different if there wasn’t the cultural influence of immigrants in the United States?

The New Immigrants Millions of Immigrants entered the United States in the late 19th and early 20th century. Two types of immigrants “Birds of passage” – immigrate temporarily to earn money Escapees – escape famine, land shortages or persecution Immigrants come from all over the world Europe, Asia, West Indies, Mexico 1. Why would immigrants come to the United States in such big numbers?

Life in the New Land Journey to the United States proves to be difficult. Almost all immigrants traveled by steamship. Europe = 1 week. Asia = 3 week. Immigrants traveled via steerage Cheapest accommodations = Ship’s cargo area Not allowed on the deck louse-infested bunks, share toilets. Disease spreads easily

http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/03/10/us/20090310-immigration-explorer.html

Ellis Island & Angel Island The “Gateway” to the United States. Immigrants must pass inspection 2% are denied entry 5+ hour inspection Physical examination Checks for disease, Tuberculosis Government Inspection No felony record, $25 dollars, able to work. 1892 - 1924 17 million immigrants passed through Ellis Island Asians, primarily Chinese pass through Angel Island. 1910 – 1940, 50,000 immigrants Harsh questioning Filthy interrogation and holding facilities

Ellis Island

Ellis Island

Angel Island

Angel Island

Can students find 4 faces looking left in 10 seconds?

Cooperation for Survival Once passed the trial of getting into the United States, Immigrants had to face a new trial, surviving Find a place to live Get a job Daily life while trying to understand a foreign language and culture People will come together to survive and make life comfortable. Building of churches or other religious places. Orphanages, social clubs, cemeteries, old people homes, aid societies, foreign language newspaper. Many immigrants try hard to grow into their new American culture while still being committed to their own personal culture. New immigrants felt increasing friction with those who were born and raised in the United States. 2. What were the effects of the massive influx of immigrants to the U.S. in the late 1800’s? 3. How did Immigrants deal with the challenges they faced?

Immigration Restrictions Melting Pot New immigrants do not want to give up their own cultural identity. Strong anti immigrant feelings emerged. Nativism – favoritism toward native born Americans. Leads to anti immigration ideals. Nativists did not object to immigrants, as long as they were from the “right” countries. Believed that problems came from the wrong countries Slav, Latin, and Asiatic races.

Immigration Restrictions Sometimes religion was the issue with Nativists. The American Protective Association – 1887 Launches vicious anti-Catholic attacks Many businesses, colleges and social clubs refused Jews. Attempted legislation – immigrants had to read 40 words in English or in their native language or they would be refused Does not pass – vetoed by President Cleveland.

Immigration Restrictions Nativism creeps into labor in the West. Fear that jobs would go to Chinese immigrants who accepted lower wages. 1873 depression – causes more fear and anti-Chinese sentiment in California. “The Chinese must go!” 1882 – Chinese Exclusion Act Bans all Chinese except students, teachers, merchants, government officials 1892- Congress extends the law another 10 years. Not repealed until 1943.

Immigration Restrictions Anti-Chinese agitation gets expanded to include Japanese and other Asian people in the 1900’s 1906 – Local Board of Education segregates Japanese Children by putting them in separate schools in San Francisco. 1907-1908 – Gentlemen's Agreement, Japan would limit the amount of unskilled workers entering the United States and the segregation of the schools would cease. 4. What group of immigrants do you think faced the greatest challenges in the United States? Why?

Essential Question How would your life be different if there wasn’t the cultural influence of immigrants in the United States?