From Cold War to Reunification

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Presentation transcript:

From Cold War to Reunification Germany From Cold War to Reunification

After WWII After the war, Germany was divided and occupied by the Four Powers: USA, UK, France, and the Soviet Union. This was determined at the Potsdam Conference

Potsdam Conference Held from 17 July to 2 August 1945 The city of Berlin (located in East Germany) was also divided between the Allies.

The Potsdam Conference From left to right: British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, U.S. President Harry S. Truman, Soviet Premier Josef Stalin

Terms: add to the back Some of the terms reached at the conference were as follows: Prosecution of all Nazi war criminals Reversal of all German annexations after 1937 Destruction or control of all military potential Germany lost control of their country (for a while)

How were West and East Germany different? The Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), which was West Germany, developed into a capitalist country with a market economy and a democratic government. The German Democratic Republic (GDR), which was East Germany, developed into a communist country with an autocratic government and a command economy.

The Cold War The Cold War (1945-1990) was a period of great tension and competition between the democratic countries of the West and the communist countries of the East led by the USSR. The two sides formed alliances: NATO (Western alliance) and the Warsaw Pact (communist alliance) ADD this: NATO stands for North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Blue=NATO countries Red=Warsaw Pact countries Yellow=Non-alliance countries

The Iron Curtain The Iron Curtain was an invisible wall that rose between Eastern and Western European countries after WWII. The eastern side was communist and the western side was democratic. People of the East were restricted from leaving their countries, and people of the West who wanted to visit the East were restricted as well.

The Berlin Wall Built to stop daily migration of huge numbers of professionals and highly skilled workers from East to West Berlin East Germany claimed it was constructed as a “border protection system.”

The Berlin Wall Families split Cut off from jobs

Checkpoint Charlie

1948-49: Berlin Airlift

What is the main idea of this cartoon?

The Berlin Wall Initially constructed on 13 August 1961 Improved reinforcements over the years Dismantled on 9 November 1989

The Berlin Wall 96 miles long 45,000 sections of reinforced concrete (12 feet high; 4 feet wide) Top lined with smooth pipe Reinforced with fencing, barbed wire, anti-vehicle trenches Mined and booby trapped with tripwires 116 watch towers; 20 bunkers

On August 13, 1961, Berlin was cut in two by a concrete wall On August 13, 1961, Berlin was cut in two by a concrete wall. The purpose of the wall: to hinder the people of socialist East Germany from fleeing into the normal world. The wall was constantly perfected and strengthened, transformed from a normal wall into a system of impassable technical hindrances of traps, elaborate signals, concrete shooting cells, watchtowers, anti-tank tetrahedrons and self-firing guns, which killed the fugitives without the intervention of the border guards. But the more work, ingenuity, money and steel the communists allocated to the further development of the wall, the clearer it became: human beings can be kept in a communist society only by impenetrable obstructions, barbed wire, dogs and by shooting in the back. The wall meant that the system which the communists had built attracted no-one. It repelled. —Viktor Suvorov, 'The Shadow of the Victory, chapter 7

Satellite View of the Berlin Wall The yellow line indicates the length of the Wall.