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Objective~ Understand

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1 Objective~ Understand
THE BERLIN WALL Lecture~ 2 Objective~ Understand why the USSR put up the Berlin Wall

2 A divided country Allies divided Germany & Berlin into four sectors
Stalin won’t leave France, Britain & U.S. joined sectors unifying Western Germany Soviets and U.S. become suspicious of each others actions

3 Clash in Berlin Stalin forced to lift blockade
Stalin Blocked Eastern Berlin from all supplies *Berlin Blockade U.S. responded with Berlin airlift dropped food and supplies into east Berlin 327 days Stalin forced to lift blockade (food, fuel, medicine, mail & Christmas gifts) 277,000 flights brought 2.3 million tons of supplies

4 Stalin dies in 1953 replaced by Nikita Khrushchev
Khrushchev puts up wall

5 Why the Wall? East – West rivalry
WEST: Democratic prosperous (Marshall Plan) attracted people from the East EAST: Much less prosperous, Communist control/dictatorship Why the Wall? To stop the movement of people from the East to the West

6 Movement of Berliners from East to West
,245 ,648 ,390 ,870 ,622 ,917 ,026 (Berlin Wall) ,356 ,632 ,876 *Movement between east and west drop after Berlin Wall is built

7 *Berlin was divided: free access ended, families split
*Pres. Kennedy refused to use US troops to pull down the wall US had protected W Berlin and never promised to protect E Berlin, 160 died trying to cross Wall, 120 were injured

8 Total length: 96 miles Concrete wall: 11-13ft. high Anti-vehicle trenches: 65 # of watch towers: 302 Bunkers: 20

9 Nov 9, 1989 *Torn down because of protests and Mikhail Gobechev’s reforms The Fall of the Berlin Wall will always be used as a symbol for the end of the Cold War Travel restrictions are lifted. More than 10,000 East Germans cross the border to West Berlin. Mass celebrations last for days. People break pieces – even chunks – off the wall.

10 The Cold War Unfolds Due Today

11 Vocabulary 490-493 or lecture
Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan Containment Warsaw Pact Iron curtain NATO Berlin Wall Berlin Airlift

12 U. S. S. R. Albania Bulgaria Czechoslovakia East Germany Hungary
Warsaw Pact U. S. S. R. Albania Bulgaria Czechoslovakia East Germany Hungary Poland Romania NATO United States Belgium Britain Canada Denmark France Iceland Italy Luxemburg Netherlands Norway Portugal 1952: Greece & Turkey 1955: West Germany 1983: Spain

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