Human Body Terminology Bio 099 Lab Martini Chapter 1

Anatomy & Physiology Structure (anatomy) determines function (physiology) "Proportions of the Human Figure" Leonardo da Vinci, 1485-1490

Gross Anatomy (visible to the unaided eye) surface anatomy

Gross Anatomy (visible to the unaided eye) surface anatomy regional anatomy

Gross Anatomy (visible to the unaided eye) surface anatomy regional anatomy systemic anatomy organ systems

Gross Anatomy (visible to the unaided eye) surface anatomy regional anatomy systemic anatomy organ systems developmental anatomy embryology

Gross Anatomy (visible to the unaided eye) surface anatomy regional anatomy systemic anatomy organ systems developmental anatomy embryology clinical anatomy for example radiology

Microscopic Anatomy (cannot be seen without magnification) cytology looking at individual cells histology looking at groups of specialized cells called tissues tissues combine to form organs

Physiology The function of the anatomical structure Cell physiology Special physiology (i.e., cardiac) Systemic physiology (i.e., cardiovascular) Pathological physiology (Pathos = disease)

Levels of Organization

Frames of Anatomical Reference Anatomy uses a special language to describe body sections, regions and relative positions. You should be familiar with the body terminology in Chapter 1 (pgs 15-22).

Anatomical Position hands at side, palms facing forward STANDING FRONT = ANTERIOR STANDING BACK = POSTERIOR LYING FACE UP = SUPINE LYING FACE DOWN = PRONE

Superficial Anatomy Anatomical Landmarks Anterior (front) View Figure 1-6

Superficial Anatomy Anatomical Landmarks Posterior (back) View Figure 1-6

Regions of the Human Body (Table 1-2, Figure 1-6)

Regions of the Human Body (Table 1-2, Figure 1-6)

Anatomical Regions Clinicians use: abdominopelvic quadrants Provides useful reference for description of pain/injury. RLQ tenderness is a symptom of appendicitis Figure 1-7a

Anatomical Regions Anatomist use: 9 abdominopelvic regions Figure 1-7

Anatomical Directional References Figure 1-8

Fill in the blank

Sectional Anatomy 3 Sectional Planes traverse frontal sagittal Plane: a 3-dimensional axis Section: a slice parallel to a plane Figure 1-9

Body Cavities internal chambers that serve 2 functions protect organs permit change in size without distorting or disrupting surrounding tissues or adjacent organs

Ventral Body Cavity (coelom) divided by the diaphragm into the 1. thoracic cavity 2. abdominopelvic cavity

Membranes Isolate the Organs Serous membranes: parietal layer (next to wall of cavity) visceral layer (next to organ) Figure 1–10b

Thoracic Cavity thoracic cavity pleural cavity pericardial cavity divided by the mediastinum organs: lungs membranes: visceral and parietal pleura pericardial cavity organs: heart membranes: visceral and parietal pericardium

Mediastinum mediastinum divides thoracic cavity into 2 pleural cavities Figure 1–10c

Abdominopelvic Cavity peritoneal cavity membranes: visceral and parietal peritoneum abdominal cavity (superior peritoneal) organs: liver, stomach, spleen, intestine pelvic cavity (inferior peritoneal) organs: intestine, bladder, reproductive organs.