1. Introduction to the Human Body

2. Introduction Anatomy and Physiology show the relationship between structure and function

3. Introduction Key to learning anatomy is understanding function

4. Introduction For example: Left side of heart is larger than right. Why is that?

5. Gross Anatomy Structures large enough that one can see with the unaided eye

6. Gross Anatomy 1.Surface Anatomy 2.Regional Anatomy 3.Systemic Anatomy 4.Developmental Anatomy

7. Surface Anatomy Study of superficial markings For example: Elbow- olecrenon process

8. Regional Anatomy The study of specific areas of the body

9. Systemic Anatomy Study of specific organ systems 11 systems

10. Developmental Anatomy The study of how anatomical structures change throughout the course of development

11. 11 Systems 1.Integumentary* 2.Nervous* 3.Skeletal* 4.Endocrine 5.Muscular* 6.Cardiovascular 7.Lymphatic 8.Urinary 9.Respiratory 10.Reproductive 11.Digestive

12. Microscopic Anatomy Involves studying anatomical structures that cannot be seen with the unaided eye

13. Microscopic Anatomy 1.Cytology 2.Histology

14. Cytology Study of cells

15. Histology Study of tissue

16. Physiology-Function 1.Cell Physiology 2.Special Physiology 3.Systemic Physiology 4.Pathological Physiology

17. Cell Physiology Study of cells

18. Special Physiology Study of specific organs

19. Systemic Physiology Study of specific systems

20. Pathological Physiology Study of how disease effects organs or organ systems

21. Anatomical Organization We will start from the smallest and finish with the largest

22. 1. Chemical or Molecular Level Atoms form molecules

23. 2. Cellular Level Smallest living units in organisms In fact some organisms are made up of a single cell Cells contain organelles Each organelle has a function

24. 3. Tissue level Different groups of cells that perform a function

25. 4. Organ Level Different types of tissues that perform a function

26. 5. Organ System Level Consists of different organs working together

27. Organism Level All systems working together (humans)

28. Homeostasis Stability

29. Homeostasis Our body has developed ways that make sure that our body adjusts to changing conditions

30. Homeostasis Our body does this via two methods

31. 1. Autoregulation This occurs when our body adjusts itself to a changing environmental condition

32. 1. Autoregulation Example: High altitudes have less O2 Blood produces more hemoglobin

33. 2. Extrinsic Regulation This is when the nervous and endocrine system acts on other systems

34. Negative Feedback The effector decreases the change the receptor noted

35. Positive Feedback The effector increases the change the receptor noted

36. Anatomical Position Supine Prone

37. Abdominopelvic quadrants 4 Intersect at the navel

38. Abdominopelvic quadrants 1.RUQ Right upper quadrant 2.LUQ Left upper quadrant 3.RLQ Right lower quadrant 4.LLQ Left lower quadrant

40. Abdominopelvic Region More specific 9

41. Abdominopelvic Region 1.Right hypochondriac 2.Left hypochondriac 3.Right lumbar 4.Left lumbar 5.Right inguinal 6.Left inguinal 7.Epigastric 8.Umbilical 9.Hypogastric (pubic)

43. Terms Anterior or Ventral

44. Terms Posterior or dorsal

45. Terms Cranial - head

46. Terms Caudal - tail

47. Terms Superior – higher level

48. Terms Inferior – lower level

49. Terms Proximal – away from fingers and toes

50. Terms Distal – toward fingers and toes

51. Terms Medial

52. Terms Lateral

53. Planes Sometimes to gain a greater understanding of 3D images anatomists cut the image at different planes

54. Frontal Plane Anterior/Posterior

56. Sagittal Plane Left/Right

58. Tranverse Plane Superior/Inferior

60. Cavities Organs are contained in cavities

61. Dorsal Body Cavity 1.Cranial Cavity 2.Spinal Cavity

63. Ventral Body Cavity A. Thoracic Cavity Pleura Cavity Pericardial Cavity B.Abdominopelvic (peritoneal) Cavity 1.Abdominal cavity 2.Pelvic cavity

65. Ventral Body Cavity Diaphragm separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

66. Membranes Visceral pericardium Parietal pericardium Visceral pleural Parietal pleural Parietal peritoneum Visceral peritoneum